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I am trying to create a Bluetooth PAN between two devices where I can access REST based web services over the Bluetooth connection. I have had some success with various proof of concepts (both Bluetooth legacy and Bluetooth Smart) but I am having problems trying to create a Group network or a PANU <-> PANU network. I am able to get a network working using the network access point scenario however our use case needs to be a single device communicating with another single device with no routing to any other devices or networks.

To start off with I have a Raspberry Pi with the latest Raspbian OS. This comes with bluez 5.23. To get the network access point working I am using the following code:

brctl addbr pan0

brctl setfd pan0 0

brctl stp pan0 off



ifconfig pan0 inet6 add fd00::5ef3:70ff:xxxx:xxxx

iplink set pan0 up



bt-network –d –s nap pan0

This works great and I am able to connect both Linux and Windows devices. I am also able to access an Apache web server running on the Raspberry Pi from the device that I connected to it.

On the Linux device I use blueman to connect. I have also used the bt-network with the –c option to connect as well. For the Windows device (windows 10 tablet) I pair the device and then connect to the network from the Bluetooth Personal Area Network Devices screen. I did need to use bluetoothctl to trust both devices prior to connecting.

With the NAP working I wanted to attempt to get the group network or the panu-panu network working as described in this document: http://www.bluetooth.org/docman/handlers/downloaddoc.ashx?doc_id=6554 These scenarios would work best for us since we do not want to route to any additional networks or devices (the panu-panu scenario would be ideal)

My initial thought is all I should need to do is to change the bt-network command to one of these two commands:

bt-network –d –s gn pan0



bt-network –d –s panu pan0

Both of these commands start up with any errors but I am unable to establish a network connection between my Linux or Windows devices. I am able to successfully pair the devices (I am using the “hciconfig hci0 piscan” command to advertise) but I am unable to bring the network up.

If I run hcidump, I get the following output. Note I included the entire hcidump from the connection attempt so it is pretty long but I thought it may help identify the problem. This is for a group network but I get the same error with the panu-panu scenario:

HCI sniffer - Bluetooth packet analyzer ver 5.23

device: hci0 snap_len: 1500 filter: 0xffffffff

> HCI Event: Connect Request (0x04) plen 10

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX class 0x000000 type ACL

< HCI Command: Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) plen 7

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00

    Role: Master

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Role Change (0x12) plen 8

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00

    Role: Master

> HCI Event: Connect Complete (0x03) plen 11

    status 0x00 handle 11 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX type ACL encrypt 0x00

< HCI Command: Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) plen 2

    handle 11

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Max Slots Change (0x1b) plen 3

    handle 11 slots 5

> HCI Event: Read Remote Supported Features (0x0b) plen 11

    status 0x00 handle 11

    Features: 0xbf 0xfe 0xcf 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x7b 0x87

< HCI Command: Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) plen 3

    handle 11 page 1

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Read Remote Extended Features (0x23) plen 13

    status 0x00 handle 11 page 1 max 1

    Features: 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

< HCI Command: Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) plen 10

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX mode 2 clkoffset 0x0000

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Remote Name Req Complete (0x07) plen 255

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX name 'raspberrypi'

> HCI Event: IO Capability Response (0x32) plen 9

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX capability 0x01 oob 0x00 auth 0x03

    Capability: DisplayYesNo (OOB data not present)

    Authentication: Dedicated Bonding (MITM Protection)

> HCI Event: IO Capability Request (0x31) plen 6

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX

< HCI Command: IO Capability Request Reply (0x01|0x002b) plen 9

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX capability 0x03 oob 0x00 auth 0x02

    Capability: NoInputNoOutput (OOB data not present)

    Authentication: Dedicated Bonding (No MITM Protection)

> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10

    IO Capability Request Reply (0x01|0x002b) ncmd 1

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 11 packets 1

> HCI Event: User Confirmation Request (0x33) plen 10

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX passkey 774674

< HCI Command: User Confirmation Request Reply (0x01|0x002c) plen 6

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX

> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10

    User Confirmation Request Reply (0x01|0x002c) ncmd 1

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX

> HCI Event: Simple Pairing Complete (0x36) plen 7

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX

> HCI Event: Link Key Notification (0x18) plen 23

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX key 839802CBF65CA6D1D864F91831A288B0 type 4

    Type: Unauthenticated Combination Key

> HCI Event: Encrypt Change (0x08) plen 4

    status 0x00 handle 11 encrypt 0x01

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 16

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0

      Extended feature mask 0x02b8

        Enhanced Retransmission mode

        Streaming mode

        FCS Option

        Fixed Channels

        Unicast Connectless Data Reception

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 16

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0

      Extended feature mask 0x02b8

        Enhanced Retransmission mode

        Streaming mode

        FCS Option

        Fixed Channels

        Unicast Connectless Data Reception

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 20

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0

      Fixed channel list 0x00000006

        L2CAP Signalling Channel

        L2CAP Connless

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 11 packets 2

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 20

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0

      Fixed channel list 0x00000006

        L2CAP Signalling Channel

        L2CAP Connless

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 12

    L2CAP(s): Connect req: psm 1 scid 0x0040

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 16

    L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 0 status 0

      Connection successful

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 23

    L2CAP(s): Config req: dcid 0x0040 flags 0x00 clen 11

      RFC 0x00 (Basic) 

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 11 packets 2

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 23

    L2CAP(s): Config req: dcid 0x0040 flags 0x00 clen 11

      RFC 0x00 (Basic) 

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 18

    L2CAP(s): Config rsp: scid 0x0040 flags 0x00 result 0 clen 4

      MTU 672 

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 18

    L2CAP(s): Config rsp: scid 0x0040 flags 0x00 result 0 clen 4

      MTU 672 

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 11 packets 2

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 24

    L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 20 [psm 1]

        SDP SSA Req: tid 0x0 len 0xf

          pat uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP)

          max 65535

          aid(s) 0x0000 - 0xffff

          cont 00

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 606

    L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 602 [psm 1]

        SDP SSA Rsp: tid 0x0 len 0x255

          count 594

          record #0

              aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)

                 uint 0x10001

              aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1800 >

              aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1f > <

                 uuid-16 0x0007 uint 0x1 uint 0x8 > >

              aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >

              aid 0x000a (DocURL)

                 url "http://www.bluez.org/"

              aid 0x000b (ClientExeURL)

                 url "http://www.bluez.org/"

              aid 0x000c (IconURL)

                 url "http://www.bluez.org/"

              aid 0x0100 (SrvName)

                 str "Generic Access Profile"

              aid 0x0102 (ProviderName)

                 str "BlueZ"

          record #1

              aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)

                 uint 0x10002

              aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1801 >

              aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1f > <

                 uuid-16 0x0007 uint 0x10 uint 0x10 > >

              aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >

              aid 0x0100 (SrvName)

                 str "Generic Attribute Profile"

              aid 0x0102 (ProviderName)

                 str "BlueZ"

          record #2

              aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)

                 uint 0x10003

              aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)

                 < uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uuid-16 0x110f (AVRemCt) >

              aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x17 > <

                 uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > >

              aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >

              aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uint 0x105 > >

              aid 0x000d (AdditionalProtocolDescLists)

                 < < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1b > < uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > > >

              aid 0x0100 (SrvName)

                 str "AVRCP CT"

              aid 0x0311 (SuppFeatures)

                 uint 0x4f

          record #3

              aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)

                 uint 0x10004

              aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)

                 < uuid-16 0x110c (AVRemTarget) >

              aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x17 > <

                 uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > >

              aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >

              aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x110e (AVRemote) uint 0x104 > >

              aid 0x000d (AdditionalProtocolDescLists)

                 < < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0x1b > < uuid-16 0x0017 (AVCTP) uint 0x103 > > >

              aid 0x0100 (SrvName)

                 str "AVRCP TG"

              aid 0x0311 (SuppFeatures)

                 uint 0x5f

          record #4

              aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)

                 uint 0x10005

              aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1117 (GN) >

              aid 0x0004 (ProtocolDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x0100 (L2CAP) uint 0xf > <

                 uuid-16 0x000f (BNEP) uint 0x100 < uint 0x800 uint 0x806 > > >

              aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >

              aid 0x0006 (LangBaseAttrIDList)

                 < uint 0x656e uint 0x6a uint 0x100 >

              aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x1117 (GN) uint 0x100 > >

              aid 0x0100 (SrvName)

                 str "Network service"

              aid 0x0101 (SrvDesc)

                 str "Network service"

              aid 0x030a (SecurityDescription)

                 uint 0x1

          cont 00

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 24

    L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 20 [psm 1]

        SDP SSA Req: tid 0x1 len 0xf

          pat uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo)

          max 65535

          aid(s) 0x0000 - 0xffff

          cont 00

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 88

    L2CAP(d): cid 0x0040 len 84 [psm 1]

        SDP SSA Rsp: tid 0x1 len 0x4f

          count 76

          record #0

              aid 0x0000 (SrvRecHndl)

                 uint 0x10000

              aid 0x0001 (SrvClassIDList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo) >

              aid 0x0005 (BrwGrpList)

                 < uuid-16 0x1002 (PubBrwsGrp) >

              aid 0x0009 (BTProfileDescList)

                 < < uuid-16 0x1200 (PNPInfo) uint 0x103 > >

              aid 0x0200 (VersionNumList)

                 uint 0x103

              aid 0x0201 (SrvDBState)

                 uint 0x1d6b

              aid 0x0202 (unknown)

                 uint 0x246

              aid 0x0203 (unknown)

                 uint 0x517

              aid 0x0204 (unknown)

                 bool 0x1

              aid 0x0205 (unknown)

                 uint 0x2

          cont 00

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 11 packets 2

> ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x02 dlen 12

    L2CAP(s): Disconn req: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040

< ACL data: handle 11 flags 0x00 dlen 12

    L2CAP(s): Disconn rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 11 packets 1

> HCI Event: Disconn Complete (0x05) plen 4

    status 0x00 handle 11 reason 0x13

    Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection

> HCI Event: Connect Request (0x04) plen 10

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX class 0x000000 type ACL

< HCI Command: Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) plen 7

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00

    Role: Master

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Accept Connection Request (0x01|0x0009) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Role Change (0x12) plen 8

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX role 0x00

    Role: Master

> HCI Event: Connect Complete (0x03) plen 11

    status 0x00 handle 12 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX type ACL encrypt 0x00

< HCI Command: Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) plen 2

    handle 12

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Read Remote Supported Features (0x01|0x001b) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Max Slots Change (0x1b) plen 3

    handle 12 slots 5

> HCI Event: Read Remote Supported Features (0x0b) plen 11

    status 0x00 handle 12

    Features: 0xbf 0xfe 0xcf 0xfe 0xdb 0xff 0x7b 0x87

< HCI Command: Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) plen 3

    handle 12 page 1

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Read Remote Extended Features (0x01|0x001c) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Read Remote Extended Features (0x23) plen 13

    status 0x00 handle 12 page 1 max 1

    Features: 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

< HCI Command: Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) plen 10

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX mode 2 clkoffset 0x0000

< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2

> HCI Event: Command Status (0x0f) plen 4

    Remote Name Request (0x01|0x0019) status 0x00 ncmd 1

> HCI Event: Remote Name Req Complete (0x07) plen 255

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX name 'raspberrypi'

> HCI Event: Link Key Request (0x17) plen 6

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX

< HCI Command: Link Key Request Reply (0x01|0x000b) plen 22

    bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX key 839802CBF65CA6D1D864F91831A288B0

> HCI Event: Command Complete (0x0e) plen 10

    Link Key Request Reply (0x01|0x000b) ncmd 1

    status 0x00 bdaddr 5C:F3:70:66:XX:XX

> HCI Event: Encrypt Change (0x08) plen 4

    status 0x00 handle 12 encrypt 0x01

> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 2

< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0

      Extended feature mask 0x02b8

        Enhanced Retransmission mode

        Streaming mode

        FCS Option

        Fixed Channels

        Unicast Connectless Data Reception

> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 16

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 2 result 0

      Extended feature mask 0x02b8

        Enhanced Retransmission mode

        Streaming mode

        FCS Option

        Fixed Channels

        Unicast Connectless Data Reception

< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 12 packets 2

> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 10

    L2CAP(s): Info req: type 3

< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 20

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0

      Fixed channel list 0x00000006

        L2CAP Signalling Channel

        L2CAP Connless

> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 20

    L2CAP(s): Info rsp: type 3 result 0

      Fixed channel list 0x00000006

        L2CAP Signalling Channel

        L2CAP Connless

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 12 packets 2

> ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x02 dlen 12

    L2CAP(s): Connect req: psm 15 scid 0x0040

< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16

    L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 1 status 2

      Connection pending - Authorization pending

< ACL data: handle 12 flags 0x00 dlen 16

    L2CAP(s): Connect rsp: dcid 0x0040 scid 0x0040 result 3 status 0

      Connection refused - security block

> HCI Event: Number of Completed Packets (0x13) plen 5

    handle 12 packets 2

> HCI Event: Disconn Complete (0x05) plen 4

    status 0x00 handle 12 reason 0x13

    Reason: Remote User Terminated Connection

At the end of this dump I am getting the error: “Connection refused - security block”. I believe this is the issue but I have the devices trusted at both ends. I get this same error whether I try to use a gn or panu as the server type and with either connecting from the Linux or Window devices.

I do see lots of examples for the network access point (NAP) however I am having a hard time finding examples for the group or panu network. Has anyone had any success getting a group or panu network working using bt-network (bluez 5.23)? Am I simply missing something? Any help would be appreciated.

Thanks

Jon

Right-tap on the symbol in the warning territory of the Bluetooth gadget and select Join an individual region arrange. The rundown of Bluetooth gadgets shows up. ...

Tap on the name of the PC to which you need to associate. At the point when the property page of this gadget is shown, click OK to close this page.

Snap Connect use.