Using stream API to set strings all lowercase but capitalize first letter

up vote
12
down vote

favorite

I have a List<String> and through only using the stream API I was settings all strings to lowercase, sorting them from smallest string to largest and printing them. The issue I'm having is capitalizing the first letter of the string.

Is that something I do through .stream().map()?

public class Main {



    public static void main(String args) {



        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("SOmE", "StriNgs", "fRom", "mE", "To", "yOU");

        list.stream()

            .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

            .sorted((a, b) -> a.length() - b.length())

            .forEach(n -> System.out.println(n));;



    }



}

Output:

me

to

you

some

from

strings

Desired output:

Me

To

You

Some

From

Strings

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

add a comment |

up vote
12
down vote

favorite

Is that something I do through .stream().map()?

public class Main {



    public static void main(String args) {



        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("SOmE", "StriNgs", "fRom", "mE", "To", "yOU");

        list.stream()

            .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

            .sorted((a, b) -> a.length() - b.length())

            .forEach(n -> System.out.println(n));;



    }



}

Output:

me

to

you

some

from

strings

Desired output:

Me

To

You

Some

From

Strings

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

add a comment |

up vote
12
down vote

favorite

Is that something I do through .stream().map()?

public class Main {



    public static void main(String args) {



        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("SOmE", "StriNgs", "fRom", "mE", "To", "yOU");

        list.stream()

            .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

            .sorted((a, b) -> a.length() - b.length())

            .forEach(n -> System.out.println(n));;



    }



}

Output:

me

to

you

some

from

strings

Desired output:

Me

To

You

Some

From

Strings

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

Is that something I do through .stream().map()?

public class Main {



    public static void main(String args) {



        List<String> list = Arrays.asList("SOmE", "StriNgs", "fRom", "mE", "To", "yOU");

        list.stream()

            .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

            .sorted((a, b) -> a.length() - b.length())

            .forEach(n -> System.out.println(n));;



    }



}

Output:

me

to

you

some

from

strings

Desired output:

Me

To

You

Some

From

Strings

java java-8 mapping java-stream capitalization

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

edited Dec 12 at 9:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

asked Dec 11 at 23:14

Devin

1318

add a comment |

3 Answers
3

active

oldest

votes

up vote
13
down vote

accepted

Something like this should suffice:

 list.stream()

     .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(s -> Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1))

     .forEachOrdered(n -> System.out.println(n));

note that I've changed the comparator, which is essentially the idiomatic approach to do it.

I've added a map operation after sorting to uppercase the first letter.

edited Dec 12 at 7:48

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

Yes that works, thank you! I was unaware I could use Map multiple times for the same stream.
– Devin
Dec 11 at 23:19

2

@Devin you can chain as many intermediate operations as you like.
– Aomine
Dec 11 at 23:19

3

Keep in mind that forEach makes no ordering guaranties, so to be sure to see the elements in the sorted order, you have to use forEachOrdered.
– Holger
Dec 12 at 7:47

@Devin, use as many intermediate operations (filter/map/distinct/sorted/peek) as you need. After you have applied a terminal method (reduce/collect/foreach) you have "ended" the stream.
– Viktor Mellgren
Dec 12 at 8:58

add a comment |

up vote
14
down vote

list.stream()

    .map(s -> s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase())

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

For readability, the line performing capitalisation should be moved into a method,

public class StringUtils {

    public static String capitalise(String s) {

        return s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase();

    }

}

so you can refer to it via an eloquent method reference:

list.stream()

    .map(StringUtils::capitalise)

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 11 at 23:44

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

2

This will exhibit better locality than the accepted answer, which splits the map on either side of the sort.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:08

3

@AlexReinking While a agree with you, I just want to point out that the only reason why I’ve decided against using one map operation at the time of posting was to keep the logic on each intermediate operation short and easy see to follow thus making it easier for the OP. Remember at the end of the day, the OP seems like a new person to the Streams API, talking about anything else is a bonus but takes things away from the their main point which is to simply uppercase the first character. btw, seems like now the OP knows that one can use more than one “same” intermediate operation :).
– Aomine
Dec 12 at 6:43

add a comment |

up vote
3
down vote

You can use WordUtils::capitalizeFully from Apache Commons Lang for this.

 list.stream()

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(WordUtils::capitalizeFully)

     .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

1

OP wants to capitalise only the first letter. Besides, you didn't mention where WordUtils comes from...
– Andrew Tobilko
Dec 11 at 23:39

1

@AndrewTobilko WordUtils::capitalizeFully does just that. I have mentioned where WordUtils comes from now.
– fastcodejava
Dec 11 at 23:42

4

New code should use the commons-text version of this method instead, as the commons-lang one has been deprecated.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:10

add a comment |

Your Answer

StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function () {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function () {
StackExchange.snippets.init();
});
});
}, "code-snippets");

StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "1"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});

}
});

draft saved

draft discarded

Sign up or log in

StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});

Post as a guest

Name

Required, but never shown

StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f53733777%2fusing-stream-api-to-set-strings-all-lowercase-but-capitalize-first-letter%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest

Name

Required, but never shown

3 Answers
3

active

oldest

votes

3 Answers
3

active

oldest

votes

up vote
13
down vote

accepted

Something like this should suffice:

 list.stream()

     .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(s -> Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1))

     .forEachOrdered(n -> System.out.println(n));

note that I've changed the comparator, which is essentially the idiomatic approach to do it.

I've added a map operation after sorting to uppercase the first letter.

edited Dec 12 at 7:48

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

Yes that works, thank you! I was unaware I could use Map multiple times for the same stream.
– Devin
Dec 11 at 23:19

2

@Devin you can chain as many intermediate operations as you like.
– Aomine
Dec 11 at 23:19

3

Keep in mind that forEach makes no ordering guaranties, so to be sure to see the elements in the sorted order, you have to use forEachOrdered.
– Holger
Dec 12 at 7:47

@Devin, use as many intermediate operations (filter/map/distinct/sorted/peek) as you need. After you have applied a terminal method (reduce/collect/foreach) you have "ended" the stream.
– Viktor Mellgren
Dec 12 at 8:58

add a comment |

up vote
13
down vote

accepted

Something like this should suffice:

 list.stream()

     .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(s -> Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1))

     .forEachOrdered(n -> System.out.println(n));

note that I've changed the comparator, which is essentially the idiomatic approach to do it.

I've added a map operation after sorting to uppercase the first letter.

edited Dec 12 at 7:48

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

Yes that works, thank you! I was unaware I could use Map multiple times for the same stream.
– Devin
Dec 11 at 23:19

2

@Devin you can chain as many intermediate operations as you like.
– Aomine
Dec 11 at 23:19

3

Keep in mind that forEach makes no ordering guaranties, so to be sure to see the elements in the sorted order, you have to use forEachOrdered.
– Holger
Dec 12 at 7:47

@Devin, use as many intermediate operations (filter/map/distinct/sorted/peek) as you need. After you have applied a terminal method (reduce/collect/foreach) you have "ended" the stream.
– Viktor Mellgren
Dec 12 at 8:58

add a comment |

up vote
13
down vote

accepted

Something like this should suffice:

 list.stream()

     .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(s -> Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1))

     .forEachOrdered(n -> System.out.println(n));

note that I've changed the comparator, which is essentially the idiomatic approach to do it.

I've added a map operation after sorting to uppercase the first letter.

edited Dec 12 at 7:48

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

Something like this should suffice:

 list.stream()

     .map(n -> n.toLowerCase())

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(s -> Character.toUpperCase(s.charAt(0)) + s.substring(1))

     .forEachOrdered(n -> System.out.println(n));

note that I've changed the comparator, which is essentially the idiomatic approach to do it.

I've added a map operation after sorting to uppercase the first letter.

edited Dec 12 at 7:48

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

edited Dec 12 at 7:48

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

answered Dec 11 at 23:16

Aomine

36.5k72961

Yes that works, thank you! I was unaware I could use Map multiple times for the same stream.
– Devin
Dec 11 at 23:19

2

@Devin you can chain as many intermediate operations as you like.
– Aomine
Dec 11 at 23:19

3

Keep in mind that forEach makes no ordering guaranties, so to be sure to see the elements in the sorted order, you have to use forEachOrdered.
– Holger
Dec 12 at 7:47

@Devin, use as many intermediate operations (filter/map/distinct/sorted/peek) as you need. After you have applied a terminal method (reduce/collect/foreach) you have "ended" the stream.
– Viktor Mellgren
Dec 12 at 8:58

add a comment |

Yes that works, thank you! I was unaware I could use Map multiple times for the same stream.
– Devin
Dec 11 at 23:19

2

@Devin you can chain as many intermediate operations as you like.
– Aomine
Dec 11 at 23:19

3

Keep in mind that forEach makes no ordering guaranties, so to be sure to see the elements in the sorted order, you have to use forEachOrdered.
– Holger
Dec 12 at 7:47

@Devin, use as many intermediate operations (filter/map/distinct/sorted/peek) as you need. After you have applied a terminal method (reduce/collect/foreach) you have "ended" the stream.
– Viktor Mellgren
Dec 12 at 8:58

Yes that works, thank you! I was unaware I could use Map multiple times for the same stream.
– Devin
Dec 11 at 23:19

@Devin you can chain as many intermediate operations as you like.
– Aomine
Dec 11 at 23:19

Keep in mind that forEach makes no ordering guaranties, so to be sure to see the elements in the sorted order, you have to use forEachOrdered.
– Holger
Dec 12 at 7:47

@Devin, use as many intermediate operations (filter/map/distinct/sorted/peek) as you need. After you have applied a terminal method (reduce/collect/foreach) you have "ended" the stream.
– Viktor Mellgren
Dec 12 at 8:58

add a comment |

up vote
14
down vote

list.stream()

    .map(s -> s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase())

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

For readability, the line performing capitalisation should be moved into a method,

public class StringUtils {

    public static String capitalise(String s) {

        return s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase();

    }

}

so you can refer to it via an eloquent method reference:

list.stream()

    .map(StringUtils::capitalise)

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 11 at 23:44

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

2

This will exhibit better locality than the accepted answer, which splits the map on either side of the sort.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:08

3

@AlexReinking While a agree with you, I just want to point out that the only reason why I’ve decided against using one map operation at the time of posting was to keep the logic on each intermediate operation short and easy see to follow thus making it easier for the OP. Remember at the end of the day, the OP seems like a new person to the Streams API, talking about anything else is a bonus but takes things away from the their main point which is to simply uppercase the first character. btw, seems like now the OP knows that one can use more than one “same” intermediate operation :).
– Aomine
Dec 12 at 6:43

add a comment |

up vote
14
down vote

list.stream()

    .map(s -> s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase())

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

For readability, the line performing capitalisation should be moved into a method,

public class StringUtils {

    public static String capitalise(String s) {

        return s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase();

    }

}

so you can refer to it via an eloquent method reference:

list.stream()

    .map(StringUtils::capitalise)

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 11 at 23:44

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

2

This will exhibit better locality than the accepted answer, which splits the map on either side of the sort.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:08

3

@AlexReinking While a agree with you, I just want to point out that the only reason why I’ve decided against using one map operation at the time of posting was to keep the logic on each intermediate operation short and easy see to follow thus making it easier for the OP. Remember at the end of the day, the OP seems like a new person to the Streams API, talking about anything else is a bonus but takes things away from the their main point which is to simply uppercase the first character. btw, seems like now the OP knows that one can use more than one “same” intermediate operation :).
– Aomine
Dec 12 at 6:43

add a comment |

up vote
14
down vote

list.stream()

    .map(s -> s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase())

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

For readability, the line performing capitalisation should be moved into a method,

public class StringUtils {

    public static String capitalise(String s) {

        return s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase();

    }

}

so you can refer to it via an eloquent method reference:

list.stream()

    .map(StringUtils::capitalise)

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 11 at 23:44

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

list.stream()

    .map(s -> s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase())

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

For readability, the line performing capitalisation should be moved into a method,

public class StringUtils {

    public static String capitalise(String s) {

        return s.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + s.substring(1).toLowerCase();

    }

}

so you can refer to it via an eloquent method reference:

list.stream()

    .map(StringUtils::capitalise)

    .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

    .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 11 at 23:44

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

edited Dec 11 at 23:44

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

answered Dec 11 at 23:19

Andrew Tobilko

24.9k94182

2

This will exhibit better locality than the accepted answer, which splits the map on either side of the sort.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:08

3

@AlexReinking While a agree with you, I just want to point out that the only reason why I’ve decided against using one map operation at the time of posting was to keep the logic on each intermediate operation short and easy see to follow thus making it easier for the OP. Remember at the end of the day, the OP seems like a new person to the Streams API, talking about anything else is a bonus but takes things away from the their main point which is to simply uppercase the first character. btw, seems like now the OP knows that one can use more than one “same” intermediate operation :).
– Aomine
Dec 12 at 6:43

add a comment |

2

This will exhibit better locality than the accepted answer, which splits the map on either side of the sort.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:08

3

@AlexReinking While a agree with you, I just want to point out that the only reason why I’ve decided against using one map operation at the time of posting was to keep the logic on each intermediate operation short and easy see to follow thus making it easier for the OP. Remember at the end of the day, the OP seems like a new person to the Streams API, talking about anything else is a bonus but takes things away from the their main point which is to simply uppercase the first character. btw, seems like now the OP knows that one can use more than one “same” intermediate operation :).
– Aomine
Dec 12 at 6:43

This will exhibit better locality than the accepted answer, which splits the map on either side of the sort.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:08

@AlexReinking While a agree with you, I just want to point out that the only reason why I’ve decided against using one map operation at the time of posting was to keep the logic on each intermediate operation short and easy see to follow thus making it easier for the OP. Remember at the end of the day, the OP seems like a new person to the Streams API, talking about anything else is a bonus but takes things away from the their main point which is to simply uppercase the first character. btw, seems like now the OP knows that one can use more than one “same” intermediate operation :).
– Aomine
Dec 12 at 6:43

add a comment |

up vote
3
down vote

You can use WordUtils::capitalizeFully from Apache Commons Lang for this.

 list.stream()

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(WordUtils::capitalizeFully)

     .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

1

OP wants to capitalise only the first letter. Besides, you didn't mention where WordUtils comes from...
– Andrew Tobilko
Dec 11 at 23:39

1

@AndrewTobilko WordUtils::capitalizeFully does just that. I have mentioned where WordUtils comes from now.
– fastcodejava
Dec 11 at 23:42

4

New code should use the commons-text version of this method instead, as the commons-lang one has been deprecated.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:10

add a comment |

up vote
3
down vote

You can use WordUtils::capitalizeFully from Apache Commons Lang for this.

 list.stream()

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(WordUtils::capitalizeFully)

     .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

1

OP wants to capitalise only the first letter. Besides, you didn't mention where WordUtils comes from...
– Andrew Tobilko
Dec 11 at 23:39

1

@AndrewTobilko WordUtils::capitalizeFully does just that. I have mentioned where WordUtils comes from now.
– fastcodejava
Dec 11 at 23:42

4

New code should use the commons-text version of this method instead, as the commons-lang one has been deprecated.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:10

add a comment |

up vote
3
down vote

You can use WordUtils::capitalizeFully from Apache Commons Lang for this.

 list.stream()

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(WordUtils::capitalizeFully)

     .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

You can use WordUtils::capitalizeFully from Apache Commons Lang for this.

 list.stream()

     .sorted(Comparator.comparingInt(String::length))

     .map(WordUtils::capitalizeFully)

     .forEach(System.out::println);

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

edited Dec 12 at 7:15

Peter Mortensen

13.4k1983111

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

answered Dec 11 at 23:38

fastcodejava

23.7k19109160

1

OP wants to capitalise only the first letter. Besides, you didn't mention where WordUtils comes from...
– Andrew Tobilko
Dec 11 at 23:39

1

@AndrewTobilko WordUtils::capitalizeFully does just that. I have mentioned where WordUtils comes from now.
– fastcodejava
Dec 11 at 23:42

4

New code should use the commons-text version of this method instead, as the commons-lang one has been deprecated.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:10

add a comment |

1

OP wants to capitalise only the first letter. Besides, you didn't mention where WordUtils comes from...
– Andrew Tobilko
Dec 11 at 23:39

1

@AndrewTobilko WordUtils::capitalizeFully does just that. I have mentioned where WordUtils comes from now.
– fastcodejava
Dec 11 at 23:42

4

New code should use the commons-text version of this method instead, as the commons-lang one has been deprecated.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:10

OP wants to capitalise only the first letter. Besides, you didn't mention where WordUtils comes from...
– Andrew Tobilko
Dec 11 at 23:39

@AndrewTobilko WordUtils::capitalizeFully does just that. I have mentioned where WordUtils comes from now.
– fastcodejava
Dec 11 at 23:42

New code should use the commons-text version of this method instead, as the commons-lang one has been deprecated.
– Alex Reinking
Dec 12 at 6:10

add a comment |

draft saved

draft discarded

Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow!

Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid …

Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.

Some of your past answers have not been well-received, and you're in danger of being blocked from answering.

Please pay close attention to the following guidance:

Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid …

Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.

draft saved

draft discarded

Sign up or log in

StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});

Post as a guest

Name

Required, but never shown

Post as a guest

Name

Required, but never shown

Sign up or log in

StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});

Post as a guest

Name

Required, but never shown

Sign up or log in

StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});

Post as a guest

Name

Required, but never shown

Sign up or log in

StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});

Post as a guest

Name

Required, but never shown

Name

Required, but never shown

Name

Required, but never shown

This page is only for reference, If you need detailed information, please check here

搜尋此網誌

Argthtjtr