Python: computational accuracy when calculating kernel of the matrix











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The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI









share|improve this question
























  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33















up vote
0
down vote

favorite












The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI









share|improve this question
























  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33













up vote
0
down vote

favorite









up vote
0
down vote

favorite











The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI









share|improve this question















The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI






python kernel approximation






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Nov 20 at 10:30

























asked Nov 19 at 13:53









user3419643

43




43












  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33


















  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33
















Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
– MarAja
Nov 19 at 14:17




Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
– MarAja
Nov 19 at 14:17












Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
– bene
Nov 19 at 14:30






Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
– bene
Nov 19 at 14:30














@MarAja done, in edited post.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33




@MarAja done, in edited post.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33












@bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33




@bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33

















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