Python: computational accuracy when calculating kernel of the matrix











up vote
0
down vote

favorite












The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI









share|improve this question
























  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33















up vote
0
down vote

favorite












The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI









share|improve this question
























  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33













up vote
0
down vote

favorite









up vote
0
down vote

favorite











The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI









share|improve this question















The problem is as follows:
I have an equation: A*x = 0, where A is matrix 8x8, x is vector with 8 elements, and 0 means zero vector. Elements of matrix A contain a parameter E whose values for which the equation is solvable I have to find - and I already did it by using the condition: det(A)=0. And there is the source of my problem - det(A) for found values E is not exactly 0.0 but something very, very near 0.0, for example 9.5e-12. I interpret it as a numerical issue, but I may be wrong?
Next step is to find x. My concept was to find the kernel of the matrix A, but there my problem with non zero det(A) returns, because I do not have E for which my equation can be solved. Is it any way to force Python to operate with approximate values?



Summarizing: I need to find method to determine kernel when A*x is not exactly 0.0 but value is very, very near 0.0.



Edit:
Value of matrix:
[[6.60489454233399, -0.000899873003155720, -1111.26791946547, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [8.46748025849121e-8 + 2.5809235665861e-7*I, -9.08063389853990e-10, 0.00112138236223004, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0.635021913463456, 1.57474880598360, -1.95244188971305, -0.512179135916290, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 6.40801701294518e-7, -1.58908171921515e-6, 2.90298102267184e-6, -7.61531659204450e-7, 0, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0.512179135916290, 1.95244188971305, -1.57474880598360, -0.635021913463456, 0],
[0, 0, 0, -7.61531659204450e-7, 2.90298102267184e-6, -1.58908171921515e-6, 6.40801701294518e-7, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 784198.968204183, 1.27518657961257e-6, -38.6053002011412],
[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0.791336522920740, -1.28679296313874e-12, -1.04862603277821e-5]])



And the code example:



from scipy import *
from numpy.linalg import *
from sympy import *
import sys
import numpy
import cmath
import math

a2= 65e5 #Ae-5
a3= 9e5 #Ae-5
a4= 130e5 #Ae-5

l = -a2-a3/2.0
t = -a3/2.0
f = a3/2.0
g = a4+a3/2.0

print 'Defined thickness'


V1= 0.74015 #eV fabs
V2= 1.1184 #eV fabs
V3= 0.74015 #eV fabs

m= 0.11*0.511e6/(2.99792458e+23)**2 #eV*s**2/A**2

hkr= 6.582119514e-16 #eV*s

x= 0.765705051154



print 'other symbols'

k1=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V1-x)*m))/hkr
k2=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k3=(cmath.sqrt(-2.0*x*m))/hkr
k4=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V2-x)*m))/hkr
k5=(cmath.sqrt(2.0*(V3-x)*m))/hkr

print 'k-vectors'

a11 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k1*l)
a12 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a13 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '1st row'

a21 = 1.0j*k1*cmath.exp(k1*l)
a22 = -k2*cmath.exp(k2*l)
a23 = k2*cmath.exp(-k2*l)

print '2nd row'

a32 = cmath.exp(k2*t)
a33 = cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a34 = -1.0*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a35 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '3rd row'

a42 = k2*cmath.exp(k2*t)
a43 = -k2*cmath.exp(-k2*t)
a44 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*t)
a45 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*t)

print '4th row'

a54 = cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a55 = cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a56 = -1.0*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a57 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '5th row'

a64 = 1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(1.0j*k3*f)
a65 = -1.0j*k3*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k3*f)
a66 = -k4*cmath.exp(k4*f)
a67 = k4*cmath.exp(-k4*f)

print '6th row'

a76 = cmath.exp(k4*g)
a77 = cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a78 = -1.0*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)

print '7th row'

a86 = k4*cmath.exp(k4*g)
a87 = -k4*cmath.exp(-k4*g)
a88 = 1.0j*k5*cmath.exp(-1.0j*k5*g)
print '8th row'


M = Matrix([[a11,a12,a13,0,0,0,0,0],
[a21,a22,a23,0,0,0,0,0],
[0,a32,a33,a34,a35,0,0,0],
[0,a42,a43,a44,a45,0,0,0],
[0,0,0,a54,a55,a56,a57,0],
[0,0,0,a64,a65,a66,a67,0],
[0,0,0,0,0,a76,a77,a78],
[0,0,0,0,0,a86,a87,a88]])


v=M.nullspace()
m=lcm([val.q for val in v])
PSI=m*v
print M
print PSI






python kernel approximation






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Nov 20 at 10:30

























asked Nov 19 at 13:53









user3419643

43




43












  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33


















  • Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
    – MarAja
    Nov 19 at 14:17










  • Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
    – bene
    Nov 19 at 14:30












  • @MarAja done, in edited post.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33










  • @bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
    – user3419643
    Nov 20 at 10:33
















Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
– MarAja
Nov 19 at 14:17




Could you post the value of your matrix A and a code example of what you have done so far?
– MarAja
Nov 19 at 14:17












Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
– bene
Nov 19 at 14:30






Have you checked math.isclose(0., det(A))?
– bene
Nov 19 at 14:30














@MarAja done, in edited post.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33




@MarAja done, in edited post.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33












@bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33




@bene - no, I suppose it won't help, coz the problem is, that because of a little bit of numerical problems I don't have "right" matrix during calculation of kernel.
– user3419643
Nov 20 at 10:33

















active

oldest

votes











Your Answer






StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function () {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function () {
StackExchange.snippets.init();
});
});
}, "code-snippets");

StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "1"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});














draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f53376122%2fpython-computational-accuracy-when-calculating-kernel-of-the-matrix%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown






























active

oldest

votes













active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes
















draft saved

draft discarded




















































Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.





Some of your past answers have not been well-received, and you're in danger of being blocked from answering.


Please pay close attention to the following guidance:


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f53376122%2fpython-computational-accuracy-when-calculating-kernel-of-the-matrix%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







Popular posts from this blog

If I really need a card on my start hand, how many mulligans make sense? [duplicate]

Alcedinidae

Can an atomic nucleus contain both particles and antiparticles? [duplicate]