Why do Windows and Linux see different files on a DVD ROM?












63















I have a DVD ROM with some teaching resources on it (Headway Beginner's English teaching teacher's DVD). When I look at the DVD from a Ubuntu machine, I see one set of files (which includes a setup-linux file among other things, although that doesn't work).



When I view the same DVD from a Windows machine, I see a different set of files, including a setup-windows.exe file.



Neither machine sees all the files, but there are some common to both.



My questions are:




  1. How does this work?

  2. How can I see the all the files when using Ubuntu?


Edit: this is not due to files being "hidden" when viewed in a file manager, lower level things like "ls -a" do not reveal the missing files.



Edit 2: I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS






mount dvd







share|improve this question









New contributor




spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





















  • You haven't said which Ubuntu release you are using, but in nautilus (or 'Files' the file manager for gnome) if you go to icon-view mode and click on the menu you can click "Show Hidden Files" and you should see all files. If in details (or list) mode the option is somewhat hidden (on my 19.04 box; sorry I don't use nautilus normally). Windows by default uses a fs (file-system) flag to hide files, where as *nix (Ubuntu, any GNU/Linux, apple or unix) use a '.' as the first character of filename to make a file 'hidden'.

    – guiverc
    2 days ago






  • 2





    This is not a hidden files thing - using ls -a in Linux does not show the missing files. And neither does "Show hidden files" in Windows explorer.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago
















63















I have a DVD ROM with some teaching resources on it (Headway Beginner's English teaching teacher's DVD). When I look at the DVD from a Ubuntu machine, I see one set of files (which includes a setup-linux file among other things, although that doesn't work).



When I view the same DVD from a Windows machine, I see a different set of files, including a setup-windows.exe file.



Neither machine sees all the files, but there are some common to both.



My questions are:




  1. How does this work?

  2. How can I see the all the files when using Ubuntu?


Edit: this is not due to files being "hidden" when viewed in a file manager, lower level things like "ls -a" do not reveal the missing files.



Edit 2: I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS






mount dvd







share|improve this question









New contributor




spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





















  • You haven't said which Ubuntu release you are using, but in nautilus (or 'Files' the file manager for gnome) if you go to icon-view mode and click on the menu you can click "Show Hidden Files" and you should see all files. If in details (or list) mode the option is somewhat hidden (on my 19.04 box; sorry I don't use nautilus normally). Windows by default uses a fs (file-system) flag to hide files, where as *nix (Ubuntu, any GNU/Linux, apple or unix) use a '.' as the first character of filename to make a file 'hidden'.

    – guiverc
    2 days ago






  • 2





    This is not a hidden files thing - using ls -a in Linux does not show the missing files. And neither does "Show hidden files" in Windows explorer.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago














63












63








63


9






I have a DVD ROM with some teaching resources on it (Headway Beginner's English teaching teacher's DVD). When I look at the DVD from a Ubuntu machine, I see one set of files (which includes a setup-linux file among other things, although that doesn't work).



When I view the same DVD from a Windows machine, I see a different set of files, including a setup-windows.exe file.



Neither machine sees all the files, but there are some common to both.



My questions are:




  1. How does this work?

  2. How can I see the all the files when using Ubuntu?


Edit: this is not due to files being "hidden" when viewed in a file manager, lower level things like "ls -a" do not reveal the missing files.



Edit 2: I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS






mount dvd







share|improve this question









New contributor




spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












I have a DVD ROM with some teaching resources on it (Headway Beginner's English teaching teacher's DVD). When I look at the DVD from a Ubuntu machine, I see one set of files (which includes a setup-linux file among other things, although that doesn't work).



When I view the same DVD from a Windows machine, I see a different set of files, including a setup-windows.exe file.



Neither machine sees all the files, but there are some common to both.



My questions are:




  1. How does this work?

  2. How can I see the all the files when using Ubuntu?


Edit: this is not due to files being "hidden" when viewed in a file manager, lower level things like "ls -a" do not reveal the missing files.



Edit 2: I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS






mount dvd




mount dvd






share|improve this question









New contributor




spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question









New contributor




spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 2 days ago







spookylukey













New contributor




spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked 2 days ago









spookylukeyspookylukey

41847




41847




New contributor




spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





New contributor





spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






spookylukey is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.













  • You haven't said which Ubuntu release you are using, but in nautilus (or 'Files' the file manager for gnome) if you go to icon-view mode and click on the menu you can click "Show Hidden Files" and you should see all files. If in details (or list) mode the option is somewhat hidden (on my 19.04 box; sorry I don't use nautilus normally). Windows by default uses a fs (file-system) flag to hide files, where as *nix (Ubuntu, any GNU/Linux, apple or unix) use a '.' as the first character of filename to make a file 'hidden'.

    – guiverc
    2 days ago






  • 2





    This is not a hidden files thing - using ls -a in Linux does not show the missing files. And neither does "Show hidden files" in Windows explorer.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago



















  • You haven't said which Ubuntu release you are using, but in nautilus (or 'Files' the file manager for gnome) if you go to icon-view mode and click on the menu you can click "Show Hidden Files" and you should see all files. If in details (or list) mode the option is somewhat hidden (on my 19.04 box; sorry I don't use nautilus normally). Windows by default uses a fs (file-system) flag to hide files, where as *nix (Ubuntu, any GNU/Linux, apple or unix) use a '.' as the first character of filename to make a file 'hidden'.

    – guiverc
    2 days ago






  • 2





    This is not a hidden files thing - using ls -a in Linux does not show the missing files. And neither does "Show hidden files" in Windows explorer.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago

















You haven't said which Ubuntu release you are using, but in nautilus (or 'Files' the file manager for gnome) if you go to icon-view mode and click on the menu you can click "Show Hidden Files" and you should see all files. If in details (or list) mode the option is somewhat hidden (on my 19.04 box; sorry I don't use nautilus normally). Windows by default uses a fs (file-system) flag to hide files, where as *nix (Ubuntu, any GNU/Linux, apple or unix) use a '.' as the first character of filename to make a file 'hidden'.

– guiverc
2 days ago





You haven't said which Ubuntu release you are using, but in nautilus (or 'Files' the file manager for gnome) if you go to icon-view mode and click on the menu you can click "Show Hidden Files" and you should see all files. If in details (or list) mode the option is somewhat hidden (on my 19.04 box; sorry I don't use nautilus normally). Windows by default uses a fs (file-system) flag to hide files, where as *nix (Ubuntu, any GNU/Linux, apple or unix) use a '.' as the first character of filename to make a file 'hidden'.

– guiverc
2 days ago




2




2





This is not a hidden files thing - using ls -a in Linux does not show the missing files. And neither does "Show hidden files" in Windows explorer.

– spookylukey
2 days ago





This is not a hidden files thing - using ls -a in Linux does not show the missing files. And neither does "Show hidden files" in Windows explorer.

– spookylukey
2 days ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















93














I'm not sure this is the correct answer, but maybe it'll provide you with details that will help you.



It could be because MS-Windows and Unix use different file systems on DVD - even on the same DVD. Files on an optical medium are usually arranged using a file system protocol specified in the ISO 9660 standard (also see notes at the end).



But the standard allows for extensions, and Microsoft has designed their own extension to the standard called "Joliet" that allows Microsoft Windows compatible operating systems to read different file names with more features (longer names and support Unicode) than the standard ISO 9660 file system allows.



For Unix-style operating systems (such as Linux), another extension called "Rock Ridge" was developed, to allow even longer file names, Unix-style permissions, and a few other things.



It is very common to have both Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions on the same optical medium, but it could be that the creator of that DVD used these extensions in a clever way to only have the MS-Windows related files show in the Joliet part of the system and only have the Linux specific files show in the Rock Ridge part of the system. The isoinfo program discussed in this stackexchange answer might provide more information.



Notes:



As mentioned in the discussion in the comments, while a lot of media are still authored in ISO 9660 and its extensions where the kinds of tricks discussed in the OP can happen, ISO 9660 is obsolete and modern media should be authored using UDF (ISO 13346) which is a Universal Disk Format and only allows a single view of the entire file system - so such tricks will probably not be possible on a UDF authored disk.






share|improve this answer





















  • 22





    Thanks, that was enough - isoinfo dev=/dev/dvd -J -ls shows the missing files in Linux.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago






  • 20





    Pretty good answer, but one important detail I see missing is the --norock and --nojoliet mount options you can use on Linux to decide which of the three tree layouts you want to see.

    – kasperd
    2 days ago






  • 6





    Wow that's ... actually surprisingly elegant.

    – Lightness Races in Orbit
    2 days ago






  • 4





    Some tools such as mkisofs actually allow you to specify how to generate those. The "Examples" section at the linked man page shows how you can create an ISO that has a file named README, but will appear with different contents depending on what system you're using to view the CD. To quote the man page: "There are probably all sorts of strange results possible with combinations of the hide options..."

    – Herohtar
    2 days ago








  • 3





    I'm happy that there is mention of UDF in the comments, but I'm not sure its relevant to the discussion - if the file system on the OP's DVD was a universal format then you won't be able to get different views in Windows and Linux, as far as I understand.

    – Guss
    yesterday











Your Answer








StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "89"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});

function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});


}
});






spookylukey is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










draft saved

draft discarded


















StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f1110791%2fwhy-do-windows-and-linux-see-different-files-on-a-dvd-rom%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown

























1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









93














I'm not sure this is the correct answer, but maybe it'll provide you with details that will help you.



It could be because MS-Windows and Unix use different file systems on DVD - even on the same DVD. Files on an optical medium are usually arranged using a file system protocol specified in the ISO 9660 standard (also see notes at the end).



But the standard allows for extensions, and Microsoft has designed their own extension to the standard called "Joliet" that allows Microsoft Windows compatible operating systems to read different file names with more features (longer names and support Unicode) than the standard ISO 9660 file system allows.



For Unix-style operating systems (such as Linux), another extension called "Rock Ridge" was developed, to allow even longer file names, Unix-style permissions, and a few other things.



It is very common to have both Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions on the same optical medium, but it could be that the creator of that DVD used these extensions in a clever way to only have the MS-Windows related files show in the Joliet part of the system and only have the Linux specific files show in the Rock Ridge part of the system. The isoinfo program discussed in this stackexchange answer might provide more information.



Notes:



As mentioned in the discussion in the comments, while a lot of media are still authored in ISO 9660 and its extensions where the kinds of tricks discussed in the OP can happen, ISO 9660 is obsolete and modern media should be authored using UDF (ISO 13346) which is a Universal Disk Format and only allows a single view of the entire file system - so such tricks will probably not be possible on a UDF authored disk.






share|improve this answer





















  • 22





    Thanks, that was enough - isoinfo dev=/dev/dvd -J -ls shows the missing files in Linux.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago






  • 20





    Pretty good answer, but one important detail I see missing is the --norock and --nojoliet mount options you can use on Linux to decide which of the three tree layouts you want to see.

    – kasperd
    2 days ago






  • 6





    Wow that's ... actually surprisingly elegant.

    – Lightness Races in Orbit
    2 days ago






  • 4





    Some tools such as mkisofs actually allow you to specify how to generate those. The "Examples" section at the linked man page shows how you can create an ISO that has a file named README, but will appear with different contents depending on what system you're using to view the CD. To quote the man page: "There are probably all sorts of strange results possible with combinations of the hide options..."

    – Herohtar
    2 days ago








  • 3





    I'm happy that there is mention of UDF in the comments, but I'm not sure its relevant to the discussion - if the file system on the OP's DVD was a universal format then you won't be able to get different views in Windows and Linux, as far as I understand.

    – Guss
    yesterday
















93














I'm not sure this is the correct answer, but maybe it'll provide you with details that will help you.



It could be because MS-Windows and Unix use different file systems on DVD - even on the same DVD. Files on an optical medium are usually arranged using a file system protocol specified in the ISO 9660 standard (also see notes at the end).



But the standard allows for extensions, and Microsoft has designed their own extension to the standard called "Joliet" that allows Microsoft Windows compatible operating systems to read different file names with more features (longer names and support Unicode) than the standard ISO 9660 file system allows.



For Unix-style operating systems (such as Linux), another extension called "Rock Ridge" was developed, to allow even longer file names, Unix-style permissions, and a few other things.



It is very common to have both Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions on the same optical medium, but it could be that the creator of that DVD used these extensions in a clever way to only have the MS-Windows related files show in the Joliet part of the system and only have the Linux specific files show in the Rock Ridge part of the system. The isoinfo program discussed in this stackexchange answer might provide more information.



Notes:



As mentioned in the discussion in the comments, while a lot of media are still authored in ISO 9660 and its extensions where the kinds of tricks discussed in the OP can happen, ISO 9660 is obsolete and modern media should be authored using UDF (ISO 13346) which is a Universal Disk Format and only allows a single view of the entire file system - so such tricks will probably not be possible on a UDF authored disk.






share|improve this answer





















  • 22





    Thanks, that was enough - isoinfo dev=/dev/dvd -J -ls shows the missing files in Linux.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago






  • 20





    Pretty good answer, but one important detail I see missing is the --norock and --nojoliet mount options you can use on Linux to decide which of the three tree layouts you want to see.

    – kasperd
    2 days ago






  • 6





    Wow that's ... actually surprisingly elegant.

    – Lightness Races in Orbit
    2 days ago






  • 4





    Some tools such as mkisofs actually allow you to specify how to generate those. The "Examples" section at the linked man page shows how you can create an ISO that has a file named README, but will appear with different contents depending on what system you're using to view the CD. To quote the man page: "There are probably all sorts of strange results possible with combinations of the hide options..."

    – Herohtar
    2 days ago








  • 3





    I'm happy that there is mention of UDF in the comments, but I'm not sure its relevant to the discussion - if the file system on the OP's DVD was a universal format then you won't be able to get different views in Windows and Linux, as far as I understand.

    – Guss
    yesterday














93












93








93







I'm not sure this is the correct answer, but maybe it'll provide you with details that will help you.



It could be because MS-Windows and Unix use different file systems on DVD - even on the same DVD. Files on an optical medium are usually arranged using a file system protocol specified in the ISO 9660 standard (also see notes at the end).



But the standard allows for extensions, and Microsoft has designed their own extension to the standard called "Joliet" that allows Microsoft Windows compatible operating systems to read different file names with more features (longer names and support Unicode) than the standard ISO 9660 file system allows.



For Unix-style operating systems (such as Linux), another extension called "Rock Ridge" was developed, to allow even longer file names, Unix-style permissions, and a few other things.



It is very common to have both Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions on the same optical medium, but it could be that the creator of that DVD used these extensions in a clever way to only have the MS-Windows related files show in the Joliet part of the system and only have the Linux specific files show in the Rock Ridge part of the system. The isoinfo program discussed in this stackexchange answer might provide more information.



Notes:



As mentioned in the discussion in the comments, while a lot of media are still authored in ISO 9660 and its extensions where the kinds of tricks discussed in the OP can happen, ISO 9660 is obsolete and modern media should be authored using UDF (ISO 13346) which is a Universal Disk Format and only allows a single view of the entire file system - so such tricks will probably not be possible on a UDF authored disk.






share|improve this answer















I'm not sure this is the correct answer, but maybe it'll provide you with details that will help you.



It could be because MS-Windows and Unix use different file systems on DVD - even on the same DVD. Files on an optical medium are usually arranged using a file system protocol specified in the ISO 9660 standard (also see notes at the end).



But the standard allows for extensions, and Microsoft has designed their own extension to the standard called "Joliet" that allows Microsoft Windows compatible operating systems to read different file names with more features (longer names and support Unicode) than the standard ISO 9660 file system allows.



For Unix-style operating systems (such as Linux), another extension called "Rock Ridge" was developed, to allow even longer file names, Unix-style permissions, and a few other things.



It is very common to have both Rock Ridge and Joliet extensions on the same optical medium, but it could be that the creator of that DVD used these extensions in a clever way to only have the MS-Windows related files show in the Joliet part of the system and only have the Linux specific files show in the Rock Ridge part of the system. The isoinfo program discussed in this stackexchange answer might provide more information.



Notes:



As mentioned in the discussion in the comments, while a lot of media are still authored in ISO 9660 and its extensions where the kinds of tricks discussed in the OP can happen, ISO 9660 is obsolete and modern media should be authored using UDF (ISO 13346) which is a Universal Disk Format and only allows a single view of the entire file system - so such tricks will probably not be possible on a UDF authored disk.







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited yesterday









Charles Green

13.1k73657




13.1k73657










answered 2 days ago









GussGuss

2,13312135




2,13312135








  • 22





    Thanks, that was enough - isoinfo dev=/dev/dvd -J -ls shows the missing files in Linux.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago






  • 20





    Pretty good answer, but one important detail I see missing is the --norock and --nojoliet mount options you can use on Linux to decide which of the three tree layouts you want to see.

    – kasperd
    2 days ago






  • 6





    Wow that's ... actually surprisingly elegant.

    – Lightness Races in Orbit
    2 days ago






  • 4





    Some tools such as mkisofs actually allow you to specify how to generate those. The "Examples" section at the linked man page shows how you can create an ISO that has a file named README, but will appear with different contents depending on what system you're using to view the CD. To quote the man page: "There are probably all sorts of strange results possible with combinations of the hide options..."

    – Herohtar
    2 days ago








  • 3





    I'm happy that there is mention of UDF in the comments, but I'm not sure its relevant to the discussion - if the file system on the OP's DVD was a universal format then you won't be able to get different views in Windows and Linux, as far as I understand.

    – Guss
    yesterday














  • 22





    Thanks, that was enough - isoinfo dev=/dev/dvd -J -ls shows the missing files in Linux.

    – spookylukey
    2 days ago






  • 20





    Pretty good answer, but one important detail I see missing is the --norock and --nojoliet mount options you can use on Linux to decide which of the three tree layouts you want to see.

    – kasperd
    2 days ago






  • 6





    Wow that's ... actually surprisingly elegant.

    – Lightness Races in Orbit
    2 days ago






  • 4





    Some tools such as mkisofs actually allow you to specify how to generate those. The "Examples" section at the linked man page shows how you can create an ISO that has a file named README, but will appear with different contents depending on what system you're using to view the CD. To quote the man page: "There are probably all sorts of strange results possible with combinations of the hide options..."

    – Herohtar
    2 days ago








  • 3





    I'm happy that there is mention of UDF in the comments, but I'm not sure its relevant to the discussion - if the file system on the OP's DVD was a universal format then you won't be able to get different views in Windows and Linux, as far as I understand.

    – Guss
    yesterday








22




22





Thanks, that was enough - isoinfo dev=/dev/dvd -J -ls shows the missing files in Linux.

– spookylukey
2 days ago





Thanks, that was enough - isoinfo dev=/dev/dvd -J -ls shows the missing files in Linux.

– spookylukey
2 days ago




20




20





Pretty good answer, but one important detail I see missing is the --norock and --nojoliet mount options you can use on Linux to decide which of the three tree layouts you want to see.

– kasperd
2 days ago





Pretty good answer, but one important detail I see missing is the --norock and --nojoliet mount options you can use on Linux to decide which of the three tree layouts you want to see.

– kasperd
2 days ago




6




6





Wow that's ... actually surprisingly elegant.

– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago





Wow that's ... actually surprisingly elegant.

– Lightness Races in Orbit
2 days ago




4




4





Some tools such as mkisofs actually allow you to specify how to generate those. The "Examples" section at the linked man page shows how you can create an ISO that has a file named README, but will appear with different contents depending on what system you're using to view the CD. To quote the man page: "There are probably all sorts of strange results possible with combinations of the hide options..."

– Herohtar
2 days ago







Some tools such as mkisofs actually allow you to specify how to generate those. The "Examples" section at the linked man page shows how you can create an ISO that has a file named README, but will appear with different contents depending on what system you're using to view the CD. To quote the man page: "There are probably all sorts of strange results possible with combinations of the hide options..."

– Herohtar
2 days ago






3




3





I'm happy that there is mention of UDF in the comments, but I'm not sure its relevant to the discussion - if the file system on the OP's DVD was a universal format then you won't be able to get different views in Windows and Linux, as far as I understand.

– Guss
yesterday





I'm happy that there is mention of UDF in the comments, but I'm not sure its relevant to the discussion - if the file system on the OP's DVD was a universal format then you won't be able to get different views in Windows and Linux, as far as I understand.

– Guss
yesterday










spookylukey is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










draft saved

draft discarded


















spookylukey is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.













spookylukey is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.












spookylukey is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.
















Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu!


  • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

But avoid …



  • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

  • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.


To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




draft saved


draft discarded














StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f1110791%2fwhy-do-windows-and-linux-see-different-files-on-a-dvd-rom%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);

Post as a guest















Required, but never shown





















































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown

































Required, but never shown














Required, but never shown












Required, but never shown







Required, but never shown







-

Popular posts from this blog

"Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'ON'. (on update cascade, on delete cascade,)

Image
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ height:90px;width:728px;box-sizing:border-box; } 2 total noob sorry any help greatly appreciated. I keep getting this "Incorrect syntax near the keyword 'ON'." heres my codes code one CREATE TABLE supplier ( supplierID INT PRIMARY KEY, ISBN INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES book(ISBN), price DECIMAL (5,2), ON UPDATE CASCADE, ON DELETE CASCADE, ); code two CREATE TABLE orders ( orderID INT PRIMARY KEY, customerID INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES customer(customerID), ISBN INT FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES book(ISBN), orderDate date, ON UPDATE CASCADE, ON DELETE CASCADE, ); Ive run out of stuff to try other than dumbing it down to uselessness. ...
Read more

Alcedinidae

Image
Alcedinidae Martin-pêcheur à dos bleu ( Alcedo azurea ) Classification (COI) Règne Animalia Embranchement Chordata Sous-embr. Vertebrata Classe Aves Ordre Coraciiformes Famille Alcedinidae Rafinesque, 1815 Les Alcédinidés ou Alcedinidae forment une famille d'oiseaux plus connus sous les noms de martins-pêcheurs et martins-chasseurs. Sommaire 1 Description 2 Répartition et habitat 3 Systématique 3.1 Liste alphabétique des genres 3.2 Liste des espèces 4 Chez les Anciens : l'alcyon 4.1 Étymologie (Littré) 4.2 Oiseau « fabuleux » ? 5 Notes 6 Articles connexes 7 Liens externes 7.1 Bibliographie Description | Ce sont des oiseaux compacts de taille petite à moyenne (10 à 46 cm), au bec droit et long, en forme de poignard. Leurs pattes sont courtes, et ils portent un plumage aux couleurs vives. Répartition et habitat | Cosmopolites, ils fréquentent surtout ...
Read more

Origin of the phrase “under your belt”?

Image
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ margin-bottom:0; } 17 1 Today, I found myself discussing what students should have "under their belts" during a lecture, and I wondered to myself if there was some inappropriate undertone here that I might be unaware of. Question : What is the origin of the phrase "under your belt"? A google search revealed some webpages (e.g. [1]) that assert its origin is related to consumption of food -- once a meal has been eaten, it's under your belt (which is a relief). However, with such websites, I have no way to determine fact from "random guy on the internet making stuff up". etymology idioms ...
Read more