Is process priority periodically recalculated by OS?












3















I have a question regarding win-7 schedule and process priority.



The scenario is: I have a process running, initially in priority "Normal"



I find this process to be often reduced to Background (Low I/O). I end up with setting the priority back to "Normal" or "Above Normal", however in few minutes it will be reduced again.



I have tried setting the priority using standard windows task manager or procexp (I guess there should be no difference).



So, the question is: Is process priority recalculated to cover its I/O usage? The process in this situation is Visual Studio 2015, which uses quite a lot HDD, which can be a bottleneck here.










share|improve this question



























    3















    I have a question regarding win-7 schedule and process priority.



    The scenario is: I have a process running, initially in priority "Normal"



    I find this process to be often reduced to Background (Low I/O). I end up with setting the priority back to "Normal" or "Above Normal", however in few minutes it will be reduced again.



    I have tried setting the priority using standard windows task manager or procexp (I guess there should be no difference).



    So, the question is: Is process priority recalculated to cover its I/O usage? The process in this situation is Visual Studio 2015, which uses quite a lot HDD, which can be a bottleneck here.










    share|improve this question

























      3












      3








      3








      I have a question regarding win-7 schedule and process priority.



      The scenario is: I have a process running, initially in priority "Normal"



      I find this process to be often reduced to Background (Low I/O). I end up with setting the priority back to "Normal" or "Above Normal", however in few minutes it will be reduced again.



      I have tried setting the priority using standard windows task manager or procexp (I guess there should be no difference).



      So, the question is: Is process priority recalculated to cover its I/O usage? The process in this situation is Visual Studio 2015, which uses quite a lot HDD, which can be a bottleneck here.










      share|improve this question














      I have a question regarding win-7 schedule and process priority.



      The scenario is: I have a process running, initially in priority "Normal"



      I find this process to be often reduced to Background (Low I/O). I end up with setting the priority back to "Normal" or "Above Normal", however in few minutes it will be reduced again.



      I have tried setting the priority using standard windows task manager or procexp (I guess there should be no difference).



      So, the question is: Is process priority recalculated to cover its I/O usage? The process in this situation is Visual Studio 2015, which uses quite a lot HDD, which can be a bottleneck here.







      windows-7 windows process priority






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked Jul 20 '16 at 11:08









      tom.wolanskitom.wolanski

      161




      161






















          4 Answers
          4






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          0














          As far as I know, Windows operating systems will not change a process' priority unless told to do so. However, this does not mean a priority cannot be changed by the running program. There is a .NET property called Process.PriorityClass which can change the priority. Perhaps, VS is determining it can reduce its CPU usage to allow other threads more CPU time?






          share|improve this answer
























          • Thank you for this answer. Yep, is known that changing priority is programmatically possible, but this is does not solve initial problem. Also, yep, is could be related to VS, but, same configuration on another machine works well. So, I cant give you a bounty because you answer doesn't solve initial problem.

            – tym32167
            Oct 10 '16 at 9:39



















          0














          The scheduler of windows will most likely indirectly consider I/O usage (because it will schedule processes less often that return quickly like processes waiting for I/O). However, process priority should be a number set by the user [or other programs (including the process itself)] and influence the scheduler further.
          ... Enough of the wild guessing of mine.



          These answers sugegst using Prio to save a process's priority (enforced by a background service) it might also help in your case.






          share|improve this answer































            0














            To my knowledge, Windows does not automatically adjust process priority.



            Changing a process's priority sets the "base priority" of all of the threads in the process, and of all threads subsequently created within the process. (See my answer here for a description of this relationship.)



            Windows does adjust the priorities of threads based on their recent activity. For example, after a completion of an I/O, a thread's priority will be boosted above its base by an amount determined by the function device driver for the device. Upon every timeslice end, if a thread is running at a boosted priority, its priority will "decay" by 1 until it falls down to the base priority. It does not decay below the base.



            This is documented in the chapter on thread scheduling in Windows Internals by Solomon, Russinovich, Ionescu, et al.



            But this does not match your reported scenario, because 1) the result of all this boost and decay of thread priority simply does not show up in Task Manager (since Task Manager reports process priority class, not thread priorities); and 2: this mechanism never decays a thread's priority below its base priority. The base is what is set when you change the process priority.



            This may be something that Visual Studio (deveng.exe) is doing to itself. Do you see this happening to any other process?



            This could be investigated with Windows Performance Toolkit.






            share|improve this answer

































              -1





              +50









              Having process priority adjusted in the situation you describe is not unusual.



              To simplify things, let's think of the situation this way: higher priority generally means that the process "wakes up" more often than a lower priority process (to perform some work). Considering that your process is doing a lot of (random) disk IO, keeping it at high priority means that it would "wake up" often only to find itself waiting for the disk to return data. Since process switch can be an expensive/time consuming operation, lowering the priority of a disk-intensive process leads to better processor utilization. In other words, by adjusting process priority, the processor can spend more time doing work rather than spending that time switching between processes.



              I think it's more likely that VS or the process itself is doing the re-prioritizing.






              share|improve this answer


























              • This answer does not solve initial problem, but at least explains, why it happens. Thank you.

                – tym32167
                Oct 11 '16 at 14:26











              • Sorry, but this answer is contrary to fact in several ways. 1) Threads receive boosted, not lowered, priority after completing a disk IO, the rationale being that letting an I/O bound thread get into the CPU and start its next IO can avoid dead time on the device. 2) Higher priority doesn't mean you "wake up more often"! It means that when you "wake up" (that is, go from Wait to Ready state) you get to use the CPU before lower-priority Ready threads do. 3) While a thread is blocked on a disk IO (or any other IO) it doesn't "wake up" at all! That's what "blocked on disk IO" means.

                – Jamie Hanrahan
                Dec 29 '18 at 23:19













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              4 Answers
              4






              active

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              4 Answers
              4






              active

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              0














              As far as I know, Windows operating systems will not change a process' priority unless told to do so. However, this does not mean a priority cannot be changed by the running program. There is a .NET property called Process.PriorityClass which can change the priority. Perhaps, VS is determining it can reduce its CPU usage to allow other threads more CPU time?






              share|improve this answer
























              • Thank you for this answer. Yep, is known that changing priority is programmatically possible, but this is does not solve initial problem. Also, yep, is could be related to VS, but, same configuration on another machine works well. So, I cant give you a bounty because you answer doesn't solve initial problem.

                – tym32167
                Oct 10 '16 at 9:39
















              0














              As far as I know, Windows operating systems will not change a process' priority unless told to do so. However, this does not mean a priority cannot be changed by the running program. There is a .NET property called Process.PriorityClass which can change the priority. Perhaps, VS is determining it can reduce its CPU usage to allow other threads more CPU time?






              share|improve this answer
























              • Thank you for this answer. Yep, is known that changing priority is programmatically possible, but this is does not solve initial problem. Also, yep, is could be related to VS, but, same configuration on another machine works well. So, I cant give you a bounty because you answer doesn't solve initial problem.

                – tym32167
                Oct 10 '16 at 9:39














              0












              0








              0







              As far as I know, Windows operating systems will not change a process' priority unless told to do so. However, this does not mean a priority cannot be changed by the running program. There is a .NET property called Process.PriorityClass which can change the priority. Perhaps, VS is determining it can reduce its CPU usage to allow other threads more CPU time?






              share|improve this answer













              As far as I know, Windows operating systems will not change a process' priority unless told to do so. However, this does not mean a priority cannot be changed by the running program. There is a .NET property called Process.PriorityClass which can change the priority. Perhaps, VS is determining it can reduce its CPU usage to allow other threads more CPU time?







              share|improve this answer












              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer










              answered Oct 4 '16 at 15:20









              KeltariKeltari

              51k18118170




              51k18118170













              • Thank you for this answer. Yep, is known that changing priority is programmatically possible, but this is does not solve initial problem. Also, yep, is could be related to VS, but, same configuration on another machine works well. So, I cant give you a bounty because you answer doesn't solve initial problem.

                – tym32167
                Oct 10 '16 at 9:39



















              • Thank you for this answer. Yep, is known that changing priority is programmatically possible, but this is does not solve initial problem. Also, yep, is could be related to VS, but, same configuration on another machine works well. So, I cant give you a bounty because you answer doesn't solve initial problem.

                – tym32167
                Oct 10 '16 at 9:39

















              Thank you for this answer. Yep, is known that changing priority is programmatically possible, but this is does not solve initial problem. Also, yep, is could be related to VS, but, same configuration on another machine works well. So, I cant give you a bounty because you answer doesn't solve initial problem.

              – tym32167
              Oct 10 '16 at 9:39





              Thank you for this answer. Yep, is known that changing priority is programmatically possible, but this is does not solve initial problem. Also, yep, is could be related to VS, but, same configuration on another machine works well. So, I cant give you a bounty because you answer doesn't solve initial problem.

              – tym32167
              Oct 10 '16 at 9:39













              0














              The scheduler of windows will most likely indirectly consider I/O usage (because it will schedule processes less often that return quickly like processes waiting for I/O). However, process priority should be a number set by the user [or other programs (including the process itself)] and influence the scheduler further.
              ... Enough of the wild guessing of mine.



              These answers sugegst using Prio to save a process's priority (enforced by a background service) it might also help in your case.






              share|improve this answer




























                0














                The scheduler of windows will most likely indirectly consider I/O usage (because it will schedule processes less often that return quickly like processes waiting for I/O). However, process priority should be a number set by the user [or other programs (including the process itself)] and influence the scheduler further.
                ... Enough of the wild guessing of mine.



                These answers sugegst using Prio to save a process's priority (enforced by a background service) it might also help in your case.






                share|improve this answer


























                  0












                  0








                  0







                  The scheduler of windows will most likely indirectly consider I/O usage (because it will schedule processes less often that return quickly like processes waiting for I/O). However, process priority should be a number set by the user [or other programs (including the process itself)] and influence the scheduler further.
                  ... Enough of the wild guessing of mine.



                  These answers sugegst using Prio to save a process's priority (enforced by a background service) it might also help in your case.






                  share|improve this answer













                  The scheduler of windows will most likely indirectly consider I/O usage (because it will schedule processes less often that return quickly like processes waiting for I/O). However, process priority should be a number set by the user [or other programs (including the process itself)] and influence the scheduler further.
                  ... Enough of the wild guessing of mine.



                  These answers sugegst using Prio to save a process's priority (enforced by a background service) it might also help in your case.







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered Dec 7 '17 at 16:01









                  jan-glxjan-glx

                  219210




                  219210























                      0














                      To my knowledge, Windows does not automatically adjust process priority.



                      Changing a process's priority sets the "base priority" of all of the threads in the process, and of all threads subsequently created within the process. (See my answer here for a description of this relationship.)



                      Windows does adjust the priorities of threads based on their recent activity. For example, after a completion of an I/O, a thread's priority will be boosted above its base by an amount determined by the function device driver for the device. Upon every timeslice end, if a thread is running at a boosted priority, its priority will "decay" by 1 until it falls down to the base priority. It does not decay below the base.



                      This is documented in the chapter on thread scheduling in Windows Internals by Solomon, Russinovich, Ionescu, et al.



                      But this does not match your reported scenario, because 1) the result of all this boost and decay of thread priority simply does not show up in Task Manager (since Task Manager reports process priority class, not thread priorities); and 2: this mechanism never decays a thread's priority below its base priority. The base is what is set when you change the process priority.



                      This may be something that Visual Studio (deveng.exe) is doing to itself. Do you see this happening to any other process?



                      This could be investigated with Windows Performance Toolkit.






                      share|improve this answer






























                        0














                        To my knowledge, Windows does not automatically adjust process priority.



                        Changing a process's priority sets the "base priority" of all of the threads in the process, and of all threads subsequently created within the process. (See my answer here for a description of this relationship.)



                        Windows does adjust the priorities of threads based on their recent activity. For example, after a completion of an I/O, a thread's priority will be boosted above its base by an amount determined by the function device driver for the device. Upon every timeslice end, if a thread is running at a boosted priority, its priority will "decay" by 1 until it falls down to the base priority. It does not decay below the base.



                        This is documented in the chapter on thread scheduling in Windows Internals by Solomon, Russinovich, Ionescu, et al.



                        But this does not match your reported scenario, because 1) the result of all this boost and decay of thread priority simply does not show up in Task Manager (since Task Manager reports process priority class, not thread priorities); and 2: this mechanism never decays a thread's priority below its base priority. The base is what is set when you change the process priority.



                        This may be something that Visual Studio (deveng.exe) is doing to itself. Do you see this happening to any other process?



                        This could be investigated with Windows Performance Toolkit.






                        share|improve this answer




























                          0












                          0








                          0







                          To my knowledge, Windows does not automatically adjust process priority.



                          Changing a process's priority sets the "base priority" of all of the threads in the process, and of all threads subsequently created within the process. (See my answer here for a description of this relationship.)



                          Windows does adjust the priorities of threads based on their recent activity. For example, after a completion of an I/O, a thread's priority will be boosted above its base by an amount determined by the function device driver for the device. Upon every timeslice end, if a thread is running at a boosted priority, its priority will "decay" by 1 until it falls down to the base priority. It does not decay below the base.



                          This is documented in the chapter on thread scheduling in Windows Internals by Solomon, Russinovich, Ionescu, et al.



                          But this does not match your reported scenario, because 1) the result of all this boost and decay of thread priority simply does not show up in Task Manager (since Task Manager reports process priority class, not thread priorities); and 2: this mechanism never decays a thread's priority below its base priority. The base is what is set when you change the process priority.



                          This may be something that Visual Studio (deveng.exe) is doing to itself. Do you see this happening to any other process?



                          This could be investigated with Windows Performance Toolkit.






                          share|improve this answer















                          To my knowledge, Windows does not automatically adjust process priority.



                          Changing a process's priority sets the "base priority" of all of the threads in the process, and of all threads subsequently created within the process. (See my answer here for a description of this relationship.)



                          Windows does adjust the priorities of threads based on their recent activity. For example, after a completion of an I/O, a thread's priority will be boosted above its base by an amount determined by the function device driver for the device. Upon every timeslice end, if a thread is running at a boosted priority, its priority will "decay" by 1 until it falls down to the base priority. It does not decay below the base.



                          This is documented in the chapter on thread scheduling in Windows Internals by Solomon, Russinovich, Ionescu, et al.



                          But this does not match your reported scenario, because 1) the result of all this boost and decay of thread priority simply does not show up in Task Manager (since Task Manager reports process priority class, not thread priorities); and 2: this mechanism never decays a thread's priority below its base priority. The base is what is set when you change the process priority.



                          This may be something that Visual Studio (deveng.exe) is doing to itself. Do you see this happening to any other process?



                          This could be investigated with Windows Performance Toolkit.







                          share|improve this answer














                          share|improve this answer



                          share|improve this answer








                          edited Dec 29 '18 at 23:15

























                          answered Dec 22 '18 at 23:08









                          Jamie HanrahanJamie Hanrahan

                          18.2k34279




                          18.2k34279























                              -1





                              +50









                              Having process priority adjusted in the situation you describe is not unusual.



                              To simplify things, let's think of the situation this way: higher priority generally means that the process "wakes up" more often than a lower priority process (to perform some work). Considering that your process is doing a lot of (random) disk IO, keeping it at high priority means that it would "wake up" often only to find itself waiting for the disk to return data. Since process switch can be an expensive/time consuming operation, lowering the priority of a disk-intensive process leads to better processor utilization. In other words, by adjusting process priority, the processor can spend more time doing work rather than spending that time switching between processes.



                              I think it's more likely that VS or the process itself is doing the re-prioritizing.






                              share|improve this answer


























                              • This answer does not solve initial problem, but at least explains, why it happens. Thank you.

                                – tym32167
                                Oct 11 '16 at 14:26











                              • Sorry, but this answer is contrary to fact in several ways. 1) Threads receive boosted, not lowered, priority after completing a disk IO, the rationale being that letting an I/O bound thread get into the CPU and start its next IO can avoid dead time on the device. 2) Higher priority doesn't mean you "wake up more often"! It means that when you "wake up" (that is, go from Wait to Ready state) you get to use the CPU before lower-priority Ready threads do. 3) While a thread is blocked on a disk IO (or any other IO) it doesn't "wake up" at all! That's what "blocked on disk IO" means.

                                – Jamie Hanrahan
                                Dec 29 '18 at 23:19


















                              -1





                              +50









                              Having process priority adjusted in the situation you describe is not unusual.



                              To simplify things, let's think of the situation this way: higher priority generally means that the process "wakes up" more often than a lower priority process (to perform some work). Considering that your process is doing a lot of (random) disk IO, keeping it at high priority means that it would "wake up" often only to find itself waiting for the disk to return data. Since process switch can be an expensive/time consuming operation, lowering the priority of a disk-intensive process leads to better processor utilization. In other words, by adjusting process priority, the processor can spend more time doing work rather than spending that time switching between processes.



                              I think it's more likely that VS or the process itself is doing the re-prioritizing.






                              share|improve this answer


























                              • This answer does not solve initial problem, but at least explains, why it happens. Thank you.

                                – tym32167
                                Oct 11 '16 at 14:26











                              • Sorry, but this answer is contrary to fact in several ways. 1) Threads receive boosted, not lowered, priority after completing a disk IO, the rationale being that letting an I/O bound thread get into the CPU and start its next IO can avoid dead time on the device. 2) Higher priority doesn't mean you "wake up more often"! It means that when you "wake up" (that is, go from Wait to Ready state) you get to use the CPU before lower-priority Ready threads do. 3) While a thread is blocked on a disk IO (or any other IO) it doesn't "wake up" at all! That's what "blocked on disk IO" means.

                                – Jamie Hanrahan
                                Dec 29 '18 at 23:19
















                              -1





                              +50







                              -1





                              +50



                              -1




                              +50





                              Having process priority adjusted in the situation you describe is not unusual.



                              To simplify things, let's think of the situation this way: higher priority generally means that the process "wakes up" more often than a lower priority process (to perform some work). Considering that your process is doing a lot of (random) disk IO, keeping it at high priority means that it would "wake up" often only to find itself waiting for the disk to return data. Since process switch can be an expensive/time consuming operation, lowering the priority of a disk-intensive process leads to better processor utilization. In other words, by adjusting process priority, the processor can spend more time doing work rather than spending that time switching between processes.



                              I think it's more likely that VS or the process itself is doing the re-prioritizing.






                              share|improve this answer















                              Having process priority adjusted in the situation you describe is not unusual.



                              To simplify things, let's think of the situation this way: higher priority generally means that the process "wakes up" more often than a lower priority process (to perform some work). Considering that your process is doing a lot of (random) disk IO, keeping it at high priority means that it would "wake up" often only to find itself waiting for the disk to return data. Since process switch can be an expensive/time consuming operation, lowering the priority of a disk-intensive process leads to better processor utilization. In other words, by adjusting process priority, the processor can spend more time doing work rather than spending that time switching between processes.



                              I think it's more likely that VS or the process itself is doing the re-prioritizing.







                              share|improve this answer














                              share|improve this answer



                              share|improve this answer








                              edited Oct 11 '16 at 1:51

























                              answered Oct 11 '16 at 1:42









                              panos415panos415

                              35813




                              35813













                              • This answer does not solve initial problem, but at least explains, why it happens. Thank you.

                                – tym32167
                                Oct 11 '16 at 14:26











                              • Sorry, but this answer is contrary to fact in several ways. 1) Threads receive boosted, not lowered, priority after completing a disk IO, the rationale being that letting an I/O bound thread get into the CPU and start its next IO can avoid dead time on the device. 2) Higher priority doesn't mean you "wake up more often"! It means that when you "wake up" (that is, go from Wait to Ready state) you get to use the CPU before lower-priority Ready threads do. 3) While a thread is blocked on a disk IO (or any other IO) it doesn't "wake up" at all! That's what "blocked on disk IO" means.

                                – Jamie Hanrahan
                                Dec 29 '18 at 23:19





















                              • This answer does not solve initial problem, but at least explains, why it happens. Thank you.

                                – tym32167
                                Oct 11 '16 at 14:26











                              • Sorry, but this answer is contrary to fact in several ways. 1) Threads receive boosted, not lowered, priority after completing a disk IO, the rationale being that letting an I/O bound thread get into the CPU and start its next IO can avoid dead time on the device. 2) Higher priority doesn't mean you "wake up more often"! It means that when you "wake up" (that is, go from Wait to Ready state) you get to use the CPU before lower-priority Ready threads do. 3) While a thread is blocked on a disk IO (or any other IO) it doesn't "wake up" at all! That's what "blocked on disk IO" means.

                                – Jamie Hanrahan
                                Dec 29 '18 at 23:19



















                              This answer does not solve initial problem, but at least explains, why it happens. Thank you.

                              – tym32167
                              Oct 11 '16 at 14:26





                              This answer does not solve initial problem, but at least explains, why it happens. Thank you.

                              – tym32167
                              Oct 11 '16 at 14:26













                              Sorry, but this answer is contrary to fact in several ways. 1) Threads receive boosted, not lowered, priority after completing a disk IO, the rationale being that letting an I/O bound thread get into the CPU and start its next IO can avoid dead time on the device. 2) Higher priority doesn't mean you "wake up more often"! It means that when you "wake up" (that is, go from Wait to Ready state) you get to use the CPU before lower-priority Ready threads do. 3) While a thread is blocked on a disk IO (or any other IO) it doesn't "wake up" at all! That's what "blocked on disk IO" means.

                              – Jamie Hanrahan
                              Dec 29 '18 at 23:19







                              Sorry, but this answer is contrary to fact in several ways. 1) Threads receive boosted, not lowered, priority after completing a disk IO, the rationale being that letting an I/O bound thread get into the CPU and start its next IO can avoid dead time on the device. 2) Higher priority doesn't mean you "wake up more often"! It means that when you "wake up" (that is, go from Wait to Ready state) you get to use the CPU before lower-priority Ready threads do. 3) While a thread is blocked on a disk IO (or any other IO) it doesn't "wake up" at all! That's what "blocked on disk IO" means.

                              – Jamie Hanrahan
                              Dec 29 '18 at 23:19




















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