Argthtjtr

Used to use the term often in the Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC), curious if there is more depth than Wikipedia, which seems to suggest it's mainly used in a single branch of the U.S. military.

Wikipedia suggests a number of other possible origins, but the entry seems heavily weighted in favor of a folk etymology that traces the origin to a particular sequence of events involving the US military.

The OED and Online Etymology Dictionary don't mention the form 'oorah' or suggest a connection, but given the similarities in sound, meaning and historical use, 'hurrah' seems likely to be involved in the actual development of 'oorah'.

Can an etymological connection between 'hurrah' and 'oorah' be established? What is the evidence for, or against, such a connection?

The word is not exactly steeped in tradition, as it only began to gain in popularity after the Vietnam War. I served in the USN until 1975, and I never heard it until I saw some movie about the invasion of Grenada. Leathernecks who served during the Vietnam era have commented the same.

The official website for the Marine Corps (USMC) admits it is only of relatively recent origin, and gives the followng explanation:

Marines and historians have determined the true origins of "Oorah" lie with recon Marines stationed in Korea in 1953. During this time, reconnaissance Marines in the 1st Amphibious Reconnaissance Co., found themselves traveling via submarine to where they were needed. The memorable call of "dive, dive!" would be called on the intercom and a klaxon alarm, which made a very distinct "Aarugha" sound, would announce the descent of the sub below water.

As the Marine Corps Training Reference Manual on the history of Marine Recon is named “Aarugha!”(1989), the explanation that it owes its origin to the sound of the Federal Signal H-8 Klaxon gains in credence.

So how did "Aarugha" become part of the common lore?

From Gunny G´s Marines site (concerning the origin of the "Oorah" cry):

Since May I have been attempting to contact Major Marte for his verification of this story. On 12 August 2002, I received the following e-mail from the major.

Gunny...
When I was in ist Amphib Recon Company (54-57) when we went on our conditioning runs we would chant and one of the sayings was "AARUGHA" which was imitating the sound of the klaxon horn on board the submarine whenever the announcement was made "DIVE, DIVE". This was started by SgtMaj Dave Kendricks (Then a Gunny in 1952 in Amphib Recon) Today, it is part of the Marine Corps language as is Semper Fi, Gung Ho, etc. Loosely translated it means acknowledgement to a question and anything positive. Hope this helps!

Semper Fi
Gary "Buddha" Marte
Major, USMC, Ret
(1952-1982)

So what does "Aarugha" have to do with "Oorah"?

The official USMC website continues...

...recon Marines, who heard this sound often, started using it as a motivational tool during runs and physical training. Over time, the word "Aarugha" came to be too much of a mouthful, and eventually molded itself into the familiar "Oorah,"...

Anyone who has ever marched in cadence or gone on a chilly mountain run can understand how this might happen.

In addition, other US Military branches have some similar form of the cry, although the USMC will deny any connection between them.

USA Rangers—“Hoora!”

USN Seals—“Hooya!”

US Airborne (WWII)—“HOOA” which meant “Head Out Of Ass” and thought to derive from the radio operators HUA, “Heard, Understood, and Acknowledged”.

"Hooah" is heard in the US Army to this day, and generally understood to mean basically about anything but "no".

As a sidenote, some military stategists are lamenting the fact that due to the land-locked nature of recent conflicts, the use of Marines in sub-based amphibious assault operations has fallen out of practice, leading to the question whether a battle cry originating in the sound of the “Silent Service´s” dive horn is still valid.

EDIT

There is no way to make an etymological connection between Hurrah, pronounced Hoo RAH, and Oorah, pronounced OO rah. In light of the fact that there is no evidence to support this idea, it must be assumed there is no connection. It is impossible to prove a negative: thinking otherwise is a fallacy.

However, I will take a shot at it. I tried to go to the heart of the OPs question by finding the accepted version; now I will have to find reasons why there is no demonstrable connection (an almost impossible task).

Hurrah, with the stress on the second sylable, is listed in Etyonline with this:

1680s, apparently an alteration of huzza; it is similar to shouts recorded in German, Danish, and Swedish; perhaps it was picked up by the English soldiery during the Thirty Years' War. Hurra was said to be the battle-cry of Prussian soldiers during the War of Liberation (1812-13), "and has since been a favourite cry of soldiers and sailors, and of exultation" [OED]. Hooray is its popular form and is almost as old. Also hurray (1780); hurroo (1824); hoorah (1798).

(emphasis mine)

Although I am sure American soldiers used this exclamation during the Cival War, Spanish American War, and probably up through WWI, probably the last time I can recall hearing this actually being verbalized was a in A Christmas Carol (1938).

Oorah, with the accent on the first sylable, did not come into general usage in the US Marine Corps until well after the Vietnam War.

Please see the following comments by other Vietnam Era Marine veterans concerning the use of the cry:

I'm a 70 year old marine, in watching programs dedicated to the Marine Corps,
my friends and i have a question. When did the Marine Corps decide to adopt the army's uh-ra [sic] and quit teaching and using GUNG_HO. it's a damn shame !!!

Thank you. Being a 1966 to 1970 active duty Marine I have wondered how that worked its way in to the lexicon. I agree with ballmagic--I like gung ho.

Now the question would seem to be, did the USMC actually adopt the US Army "Hooah"-understood to mean "Heard, Understood, and Ackowledged" (HUA)?

There is no anecdotal or historical basis for this.

Instead, we have a cry which, according to admittedly anecdotal sources, is a morph of an onomatopoeic chant derived from the sound of the H-8 dive horn, a sound usually transcribed as Ah OOH gah, or sometimes Ah ROO gah. I have found nothing to contradict these sources.

And there is this from the Marine Times:

Marines, of course, would never say “Hoorah!” They also wouldn’t say “Hooah!”, which is an Army term. Marines say “Oorah!” and are quick to point it out to anyone who gets it wrong.

Aside from the similarities in sound and meaning, available historical evidence strongly suggests that 'oorah' developed from 'hoorah', the popular spelling of the more literary 'hurrah', by h-elision (aka h-dropping). Early uses make the connection clear, either by inserting an apostrophe in place of the dropped aitch (1870: 'oorah' used as a cheer or shout), or by explicit mention of the absence of the aitch (1880: again, 'oorah' used as a college "cry", a cheer).

While the cry 'oorah', used by US Marines, may have developed independently at a later date than the early instances of its use as a cheer by others, I could find no reason to suppose that is true other than unsupported anecdotal accounts. The unsupported claim is immaterial, in any event, to an account of the origins of the word, when historical evidence clearly shows the word was used in the same way (and with the same syllabic emphasis, as shown by attestation from 1889) at least seventy years prior to its adoption by, and the subsequent ownership claims of, the Marines. Although the use by the Marines might well be felt by some to have been independent, unacknowledged or poorly remembered exposure to earlier uses is quite likely to have influenced that development.

Support for the claims made in the preceding paragraphs regarding evidence from 1870, 1880, and 1889 follows. The clips shown come from behind a paywall, but at least some of them are also accessible at no cost (by way of Chronicling America). The instances are, of course, by no means the only ones in the historical record that show 'oorah' in use; those shown are illustrative of points made in preceding paragraphs of this answer.

Apostrophized h-dropping to form 'oorah' in 1870:

The Tarborough Southerner (Tarboro, North Carolina) 20 Jan 1870, Page 3.

Mention of the elided aitch in 1880:

The Morning News (Wilmington, Delaware), 29 Jun 1880, Page 1.

'Oorah' showing syllable emphasis by capitalization, from 1889:

New-York Tribune, February 23, 1889, Page 4.

While in boot camp at MCRD San Diego in October of 1976 we were told by the DI’s that “oorah” was replacing “kill” in Marine Corps verbiage because after the Vietnam war the “pussy politicians” didn’t want Marines screaming kill during bayonet practice, marching, etc. Perhaps, the beginning of Political Correctness!