Question about full wave bridge rectifier












1












$begingroup$


Sorry if this is a stupid question, what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current, when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch if its $ PIV geq V_{in}$



But in this picture:



enter image description here



At the node between $D1$ and $D3$ ,$D1$ is forward biased and $D3$ is reverse biased, so that's fine, now at the node between $D2$ and $D3$ why does the current pass through $D2$ and not $D3$? Isn't $D3$ supposed to be forward biased at that junction too? Thanks.






electric-circuits voltage semiconductor-physics electronics







share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Would Electrical Engineering be a better home for this question?
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic♦
    11 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    I don't know, I like to focus on the physics and theory so I'm not that fluent with electronics, but if you think they can help me out there I will ask there instead
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure what you mean when you write "forward biased at that junction". D3 can't be reverse biased and forward biased at the same time. Since you've already stated that D3 is reverse biased at the beginning of the previous sentence, why do you think it should be forward biased too?
    $endgroup$
    – Alfred Centauri
    10 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    Doesn't the diode depend on the direction of the current? Or is it biased by default by the voltage source?
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @khaled014z The transformer creates an emf in the circuit. It is necessary to consider the current passing through the winding. This corresponds to the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Trounev
    10 hours ago
















1












$begingroup$


Sorry if this is a stupid question, what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current, when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch if its $ PIV geq V_{in}$



But in this picture:



enter image description here



At the node between $D1$ and $D3$ ,$D1$ is forward biased and $D3$ is reverse biased, so that's fine, now at the node between $D2$ and $D3$ why does the current pass through $D2$ and not $D3$? Isn't $D3$ supposed to be forward biased at that junction too? Thanks.






electric-circuits voltage semiconductor-physics electronics







share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Would Electrical Engineering be a better home for this question?
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic♦
    11 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    I don't know, I like to focus on the physics and theory so I'm not that fluent with electronics, but if you think they can help me out there I will ask there instead
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure what you mean when you write "forward biased at that junction". D3 can't be reverse biased and forward biased at the same time. Since you've already stated that D3 is reverse biased at the beginning of the previous sentence, why do you think it should be forward biased too?
    $endgroup$
    – Alfred Centauri
    10 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    Doesn't the diode depend on the direction of the current? Or is it biased by default by the voltage source?
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @khaled014z The transformer creates an emf in the circuit. It is necessary to consider the current passing through the winding. This corresponds to the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Trounev
    10 hours ago














1












1








1


1



$begingroup$


Sorry if this is a stupid question, what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current, when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch if its $ PIV geq V_{in}$



But in this picture:



enter image description here



At the node between $D1$ and $D3$ ,$D1$ is forward biased and $D3$ is reverse biased, so that's fine, now at the node between $D2$ and $D3$ why does the current pass through $D2$ and not $D3$? Isn't $D3$ supposed to be forward biased at that junction too? Thanks.






electric-circuits voltage semiconductor-physics electronics







share|cite|improve this question









$endgroup$




Sorry if this is a stupid question, what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current, when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch if its $ PIV geq V_{in}$



But in this picture:



enter image description here



At the node between $D1$ and $D3$ ,$D1$ is forward biased and $D3$ is reverse biased, so that's fine, now at the node between $D2$ and $D3$ why does the current pass through $D2$ and not $D3$? Isn't $D3$ supposed to be forward biased at that junction too? Thanks.






electric-circuits voltage semiconductor-physics electronics




electric-circuits voltage semiconductor-physics electronics






share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question











share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question










asked 11 hours ago









khaled014zkhaled014z

1137




1137








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Would Electrical Engineering be a better home for this question?
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic♦
    11 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    I don't know, I like to focus on the physics and theory so I'm not that fluent with electronics, but if you think they can help me out there I will ask there instead
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure what you mean when you write "forward biased at that junction". D3 can't be reverse biased and forward biased at the same time. Since you've already stated that D3 is reverse biased at the beginning of the previous sentence, why do you think it should be forward biased too?
    $endgroup$
    – Alfred Centauri
    10 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    Doesn't the diode depend on the direction of the current? Or is it biased by default by the voltage source?
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @khaled014z The transformer creates an emf in the circuit. It is necessary to consider the current passing through the winding. This corresponds to the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Trounev
    10 hours ago














  • 1




    $begingroup$
    Would Electrical Engineering be a better home for this question?
    $endgroup$
    – Qmechanic♦
    11 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    I don't know, I like to focus on the physics and theory so I'm not that fluent with electronics, but if you think they can help me out there I will ask there instead
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    I'm not sure what you mean when you write "forward biased at that junction". D3 can't be reverse biased and forward biased at the same time. Since you've already stated that D3 is reverse biased at the beginning of the previous sentence, why do you think it should be forward biased too?
    $endgroup$
    – Alfred Centauri
    10 hours ago












  • $begingroup$
    Doesn't the diode depend on the direction of the current? Or is it biased by default by the voltage source?
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @khaled014z The transformer creates an emf in the circuit. It is necessary to consider the current passing through the winding. This corresponds to the picture.
    $endgroup$
    – Alex Trounev
    10 hours ago








1




1




$begingroup$
Would Electrical Engineering be a better home for this question?
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic♦
11 hours ago






$begingroup$
Would Electrical Engineering be a better home for this question?
$endgroup$
– Qmechanic♦
11 hours ago














$begingroup$
I don't know, I like to focus on the physics and theory so I'm not that fluent with electronics, but if you think they can help me out there I will ask there instead
$endgroup$
– khaled014z
10 hours ago




$begingroup$
I don't know, I like to focus on the physics and theory so I'm not that fluent with electronics, but if you think they can help me out there I will ask there instead
$endgroup$
– khaled014z
10 hours ago












$begingroup$
I'm not sure what you mean when you write "forward biased at that junction". D3 can't be reverse biased and forward biased at the same time. Since you've already stated that D3 is reverse biased at the beginning of the previous sentence, why do you think it should be forward biased too?
$endgroup$
– Alfred Centauri
10 hours ago






$begingroup$
I'm not sure what you mean when you write "forward biased at that junction". D3 can't be reverse biased and forward biased at the same time. Since you've already stated that D3 is reverse biased at the beginning of the previous sentence, why do you think it should be forward biased too?
$endgroup$
– Alfred Centauri
10 hours ago














$begingroup$
Doesn't the diode depend on the direction of the current? Or is it biased by default by the voltage source?
$endgroup$
– khaled014z
10 hours ago




$begingroup$
Doesn't the diode depend on the direction of the current? Or is it biased by default by the voltage source?
$endgroup$
– khaled014z
10 hours ago












$begingroup$
@khaled014z The transformer creates an emf in the circuit. It is necessary to consider the current passing through the winding. This corresponds to the picture.
$endgroup$
– Alex Trounev
10 hours ago




$begingroup$
@khaled014z The transformer creates an emf in the circuit. It is necessary to consider the current passing through the winding. This corresponds to the picture.
$endgroup$
– Alex Trounev
10 hours ago










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















1












$begingroup$


what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current,
when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch




There's a simpler, clearer way to think about it - a diode (ideally) allows current through in just one direction.



So, it's easy to see that current entering the top node of the bridge can only exit through through D1 since there can be no current (ideally) 'backwards' through D3.



However, for the current entering the left node of the bridge, there could be a current exiting through D3 but only if the cathode is negative with respect to the anode. But we know this isn't the case, i.e., the cathode is positive with respect to the anode while, for D2, the cathode is negative with respect the anode.



Thus, the current is 'downhill' through D2 and not 'uphill' through D3.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    I understand what you mean, but what made the cathode of D3 positive at the first place? This is weird to me because from my knowledge, The N region of the PN junction should be negative, but it is positive here?
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @khaled014z, note that the anode of D3 is connected to 'ground' (zero volt reference) and so a positive voltage applied to the junction of the D3 cathode and the D1 anode necessarily reverse biases D3. The positive voltage is applied by the transformer winding. Why should the N region be negative?
    $endgroup$
    – Alfred Centauri
    10 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    Oh I get it now, thank you.
    $endgroup$
    – khaled014z
    9 hours ago



















2












$begingroup$

The node between D2 and D3 is grounded, so its potential is 0 V. The node between D3 and D1, as you stated, has positive potential, so the current can't go through D3.



On the other hand the node between D2 and D4 has a negative potential, so the current can go in that direction, and indeed it does.






share|cite|improve this answer









$endgroup$





















    1












    $begingroup$

    Assume that $V_{rm X}=0 ,rm V$ and noting the labels (signs) on the secondary of the transformer.



    enter image description here.



    $V_{rm X}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D1 is forward biased and conducting.



    $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm Z}$ so diode D2 is forward biased and conducting.



    $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm X}$ so diode D3 is reverse biased and not conducting.



    $V_{rm Z}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D4 is reverse biased and not conducting.



    Assuming that the potential drop across the conducting diodes is very small nodes $X$ and $W$ are approximately at zero potential whereas nodes $Y$ and $Z$ are at a higher potential.






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$













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      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes








      3 Answers
      3






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      1












      $begingroup$


      what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current,
      when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch




      There's a simpler, clearer way to think about it - a diode (ideally) allows current through in just one direction.



      So, it's easy to see that current entering the top node of the bridge can only exit through through D1 since there can be no current (ideally) 'backwards' through D3.



      However, for the current entering the left node of the bridge, there could be a current exiting through D3 but only if the cathode is negative with respect to the anode. But we know this isn't the case, i.e., the cathode is positive with respect to the anode while, for D2, the cathode is negative with respect the anode.



      Thus, the current is 'downhill' through D2 and not 'uphill' through D3.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$













      • $begingroup$
        I understand what you mean, but what made the cathode of D3 positive at the first place? This is weird to me because from my knowledge, The N region of the PN junction should be negative, but it is positive here?
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @khaled014z, note that the anode of D3 is connected to 'ground' (zero volt reference) and so a positive voltage applied to the junction of the D3 cathode and the D1 anode necessarily reverse biases D3. The positive voltage is applied by the transformer winding. Why should the N region be negative?
        $endgroup$
        – Alfred Centauri
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        Oh I get it now, thank you.
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        9 hours ago
















      1












      $begingroup$


      what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current,
      when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch




      There's a simpler, clearer way to think about it - a diode (ideally) allows current through in just one direction.



      So, it's easy to see that current entering the top node of the bridge can only exit through through D1 since there can be no current (ideally) 'backwards' through D3.



      However, for the current entering the left node of the bridge, there could be a current exiting through D3 but only if the cathode is negative with respect to the anode. But we know this isn't the case, i.e., the cathode is positive with respect to the anode while, for D2, the cathode is negative with respect the anode.



      Thus, the current is 'downhill' through D2 and not 'uphill' through D3.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$













      • $begingroup$
        I understand what you mean, but what made the cathode of D3 positive at the first place? This is weird to me because from my knowledge, The N region of the PN junction should be negative, but it is positive here?
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @khaled014z, note that the anode of D3 is connected to 'ground' (zero volt reference) and so a positive voltage applied to the junction of the D3 cathode and the D1 anode necessarily reverse biases D3. The positive voltage is applied by the transformer winding. Why should the N region be negative?
        $endgroup$
        – Alfred Centauri
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        Oh I get it now, thank you.
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        9 hours ago














      1












      1








      1





      $begingroup$


      what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current,
      when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch




      There's a simpler, clearer way to think about it - a diode (ideally) allows current through in just one direction.



      So, it's easy to see that current entering the top node of the bridge can only exit through through D1 since there can be no current (ideally) 'backwards' through D3.



      However, for the current entering the left node of the bridge, there could be a current exiting through D3 but only if the cathode is negative with respect to the anode. But we know this isn't the case, i.e., the cathode is positive with respect to the anode while, for D2, the cathode is negative with respect the anode.



      Thus, the current is 'downhill' through D2 and not 'uphill' through D3.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$




      what I know is when a diode is forward biased, it conducts current,
      when it is reverse biased, it acts as an open branch




      There's a simpler, clearer way to think about it - a diode (ideally) allows current through in just one direction.



      So, it's easy to see that current entering the top node of the bridge can only exit through through D1 since there can be no current (ideally) 'backwards' through D3.



      However, for the current entering the left node of the bridge, there could be a current exiting through D3 but only if the cathode is negative with respect to the anode. But we know this isn't the case, i.e., the cathode is positive with respect to the anode while, for D2, the cathode is negative with respect the anode.



      Thus, the current is 'downhill' through D2 and not 'uphill' through D3.







      share|cite|improve this answer












      share|cite|improve this answer



      share|cite|improve this answer










      answered 10 hours ago









      Alfred CentauriAlfred Centauri

      48.3k350150




      48.3k350150












      • $begingroup$
        I understand what you mean, but what made the cathode of D3 positive at the first place? This is weird to me because from my knowledge, The N region of the PN junction should be negative, but it is positive here?
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @khaled014z, note that the anode of D3 is connected to 'ground' (zero volt reference) and so a positive voltage applied to the junction of the D3 cathode and the D1 anode necessarily reverse biases D3. The positive voltage is applied by the transformer winding. Why should the N region be negative?
        $endgroup$
        – Alfred Centauri
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        Oh I get it now, thank you.
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        9 hours ago


















      • $begingroup$
        I understand what you mean, but what made the cathode of D3 positive at the first place? This is weird to me because from my knowledge, The N region of the PN junction should be negative, but it is positive here?
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        @khaled014z, note that the anode of D3 is connected to 'ground' (zero volt reference) and so a positive voltage applied to the junction of the D3 cathode and the D1 anode necessarily reverse biases D3. The positive voltage is applied by the transformer winding. Why should the N region be negative?
        $endgroup$
        – Alfred Centauri
        10 hours ago










      • $begingroup$
        Oh I get it now, thank you.
        $endgroup$
        – khaled014z
        9 hours ago
















      $begingroup$
      I understand what you mean, but what made the cathode of D3 positive at the first place? This is weird to me because from my knowledge, The N region of the PN junction should be negative, but it is positive here?
      $endgroup$
      – khaled014z
      10 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      I understand what you mean, but what made the cathode of D3 positive at the first place? This is weird to me because from my knowledge, The N region of the PN junction should be negative, but it is positive here?
      $endgroup$
      – khaled014z
      10 hours ago












      $begingroup$
      @khaled014z, note that the anode of D3 is connected to 'ground' (zero volt reference) and so a positive voltage applied to the junction of the D3 cathode and the D1 anode necessarily reverse biases D3. The positive voltage is applied by the transformer winding. Why should the N region be negative?
      $endgroup$
      – Alfred Centauri
      10 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      @khaled014z, note that the anode of D3 is connected to 'ground' (zero volt reference) and so a positive voltage applied to the junction of the D3 cathode and the D1 anode necessarily reverse biases D3. The positive voltage is applied by the transformer winding. Why should the N region be negative?
      $endgroup$
      – Alfred Centauri
      10 hours ago












      $begingroup$
      Oh I get it now, thank you.
      $endgroup$
      – khaled014z
      9 hours ago




      $begingroup$
      Oh I get it now, thank you.
      $endgroup$
      – khaled014z
      9 hours ago











      2












      $begingroup$

      The node between D2 and D3 is grounded, so its potential is 0 V. The node between D3 and D1, as you stated, has positive potential, so the current can't go through D3.



      On the other hand the node between D2 and D4 has a negative potential, so the current can go in that direction, and indeed it does.






      share|cite|improve this answer









      $endgroup$


















        2












        $begingroup$

        The node between D2 and D3 is grounded, so its potential is 0 V. The node between D3 and D1, as you stated, has positive potential, so the current can't go through D3.



        On the other hand the node between D2 and D4 has a negative potential, so the current can go in that direction, and indeed it does.






        share|cite|improve this answer









        $endgroup$
















          2












          2








          2





          $begingroup$

          The node between D2 and D3 is grounded, so its potential is 0 V. The node between D3 and D1, as you stated, has positive potential, so the current can't go through D3.



          On the other hand the node between D2 and D4 has a negative potential, so the current can go in that direction, and indeed it does.






          share|cite|improve this answer









          $endgroup$



          The node between D2 and D3 is grounded, so its potential is 0 V. The node between D3 and D1, as you stated, has positive potential, so the current can't go through D3.



          On the other hand the node between D2 and D4 has a negative potential, so the current can go in that direction, and indeed it does.







          share|cite|improve this answer












          share|cite|improve this answer



          share|cite|improve this answer










          answered 10 hours ago









          GRBGRB

          9151722




          9151722























              1












              $begingroup$

              Assume that $V_{rm X}=0 ,rm V$ and noting the labels (signs) on the secondary of the transformer.



              enter image description here.



              $V_{rm X}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D1 is forward biased and conducting.



              $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm Z}$ so diode D2 is forward biased and conducting.



              $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm X}$ so diode D3 is reverse biased and not conducting.



              $V_{rm Z}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D4 is reverse biased and not conducting.



              Assuming that the potential drop across the conducting diodes is very small nodes $X$ and $W$ are approximately at zero potential whereas nodes $Y$ and $Z$ are at a higher potential.






              share|cite|improve this answer









              $endgroup$


















                1












                $begingroup$

                Assume that $V_{rm X}=0 ,rm V$ and noting the labels (signs) on the secondary of the transformer.



                enter image description here.



                $V_{rm X}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D1 is forward biased and conducting.



                $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm Z}$ so diode D2 is forward biased and conducting.



                $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm X}$ so diode D3 is reverse biased and not conducting.



                $V_{rm Z}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D4 is reverse biased and not conducting.



                Assuming that the potential drop across the conducting diodes is very small nodes $X$ and $W$ are approximately at zero potential whereas nodes $Y$ and $Z$ are at a higher potential.






                share|cite|improve this answer









                $endgroup$
















                  1












                  1








                  1





                  $begingroup$

                  Assume that $V_{rm X}=0 ,rm V$ and noting the labels (signs) on the secondary of the transformer.



                  enter image description here.



                  $V_{rm X}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D1 is forward biased and conducting.



                  $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm Z}$ so diode D2 is forward biased and conducting.



                  $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm X}$ so diode D3 is reverse biased and not conducting.



                  $V_{rm Z}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D4 is reverse biased and not conducting.



                  Assuming that the potential drop across the conducting diodes is very small nodes $X$ and $W$ are approximately at zero potential whereas nodes $Y$ and $Z$ are at a higher potential.






                  share|cite|improve this answer









                  $endgroup$



                  Assume that $V_{rm X}=0 ,rm V$ and noting the labels (signs) on the secondary of the transformer.



                  enter image description here.



                  $V_{rm X}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D1 is forward biased and conducting.



                  $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm Z}$ so diode D2 is forward biased and conducting.



                  $V_{rm Y}>V_{rm X}$ so diode D3 is reverse biased and not conducting.



                  $V_{rm Z}>V_{rm W}$ so diode D4 is reverse biased and not conducting.



                  Assuming that the potential drop across the conducting diodes is very small nodes $X$ and $W$ are approximately at zero potential whereas nodes $Y$ and $Z$ are at a higher potential.







                  share|cite|improve this answer












                  share|cite|improve this answer



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                  answered 8 hours ago









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